Part 3 Flashcards
Behavior Analytic Assessments
Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others (for example, scratching an insect bite relieves the itch).
a) negative reinforcement
b) compound schedule of reinforcement
c) automatic reinforcement
d) independent reinforcement
c.) automatic reinforcement
other feedback:
negative reinforcement
Feedback: Incorrect. Reinforcement involves the social mediation of others and occurs when the removal of a stimulus following a response increases the likelihood of that response occurring in the future under similar circumstances.
compound schedule of reinforcement
Feedback: Incorrect. These are schedules of reinforcement that exist at the same time for two or more different behaviors. This term doesn’t quite fit with the definition provided.
independent reinforcement
Feedback: Incorrect. Independent is not a word used to define reinforcement.
A stimulus change or condition that functions to evoke a behavior that has terminated it in the past, as a punisher when presented following behavior, and/or as a reinforcer when withdrawn following behavior.
a) baseline stimulus
b) aversive stimulus
c) conditioned stimulus
d) discrimination stimulus
b.) aversive stimulus
other feedback:
baseline stimulus
Feedback: Incorrect. Baseline stimulus is not a term used in ABA. While stimuli are likely to be present in a baseline condition, they are not termed as such.
conditioned stimulus
Feedback: Incorrect. This is something in the environment that results in a response after prior respondent conditioning procedures (pairing with another stimulus that already evokes a response).
discrimination stimulus
Feedback: Incorrect. This is not a term used in ABA. The correct term is discriminative stimulus (SD).
A behavior that prevents an aversive event.
a) escape behavior
b) contingency
c) deprivation
d) avoidance behavior
d.) avoidance behavior
other feedback:
escape behavior
Feedback: Incorrect. This is a behavior that would allow someone to terminate an active aversive event.
contingency
Feedback: Incorrect. This refers to dependent and/or temporal relations between operant behavior and its controlling variables.
deprivation
Feedback: Incorrect. This refers to a state of being denied access to something.
A contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus.
a) intermittent contingency
b) avoidance contingency
c) escape contingency
d) termination contingency
b.) avoidance contingency
other feedback:
intermittent contingency
Feedback: Incorrect. The word intermittent is not used to describe contingencies in ABA.
escape contingency
Feedback: Incorrect. In this type of contingency, a response removes, or allows one to escape a stimulus.
termination contingency
Feedback: Incorrect. The word termination is not used to describe any contingency in ABA.
A previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established reinforcer and consequently functions as a reinforcer itself.
a) neutral reinforcer
b) positive reinforcer
c) conditioned reinforcer
d) conditioned punisher
c.) conditioned reinforcer
other feedback:
neutral reinforcer
Feedback: Incorrect. This is not a term commonly used in ABA, since the two terms together mean opposing things. Neutral refers to not having an effect. Reinforcer, however, refers to something that increases the future likelihood of the behavior that it follows.
positive reinforcer
Feedback: Incorrect. This is not a term commonly used in ABA. The term positive reinforcement refers to a stimulus change that follows the behavior and increases its future likelihood.
conditioned punisher
Feedback: Incorrect. A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more punishers. It is part of the three-term ABC contingency, but decreases a behavior rather than increasing it.
Refers to dependent and/or temporal relations between operant behavior and its controlling variables.
a) antecedent
b) conditioned reinforcer
c) contingency
d) deprivation
c) contingency
other feedback:
deprivation
Feedback: Incorrect. The state of the organism when access to something has been withheld.
conditioned reinforcer
Feedback: Incorrect. A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more reinforcers.
antecedent
Feedback: Incorrect. The first term in the three-term ABC contingency, which comes immediately before the behavior.
The assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur in relation to other events and not in a willy-nilly, accidental fashion.
a) determinism
b) mentalism
c) solipsism
d) behaviorism
a) determinism
other feedback:
mentalism
Feedback: Incorrect. This refers to internal states and their effect on behavior. While ABA does believe in behaviors within the skin, it is not the focus of the science.
solipsism
Feedback: Incorrect. The view or theory that the self is all that is in existence.
behaviorism
Feedback: Incorrect. The science of behavior, operating under the assumption that behavior is controlled by its surrounding events. Determinism is a foundation of behaviorism.
Behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus.
a) punisher
b) contingency
c) operant behavior
d) escape behavior
d.) escape behavior
other feedback:
punisher
Feedback: Incorrect. This is a stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of behavior that immediately precedes it.
contingency
Feedback: Incorrect. This refers to the relationship between multiple stimuli or events.
operant behavior
Feedback: Incorrect. An operant is any learned behavior. Escape behavior is likely to be a operant.
A contingency in which a response terminates (produces escape from) an ongoing stimulus.
a) avoidance contingency
b) response contingency
c) intermittent contingency
d) escape contingency
d.) escape contingency
other feedback:
avoidance contingency
Feedback: Incorrect. This term refers to a contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus. The definition provided refers to a response terminating an ongoing stimulus, meaning that responding occurred while the stimulus was already in progress.
response contingency
Feedback: Incorrect. Responses occur within a contingency but are not used to define a type of contingency.
intermittent contingency
Feedback: Incorrect. Intermittent is not a term usually used to describe a contingency.
An extensive interview protocol that explores (a) the topography, frequency, and intensity of challenging behaviors; (b) environmental conditions related to behavior; (c) contextual variables that may be related to challenging behaviors such as the student’s history and biological or physiological status; (d) functional alternative behaviors and communication skills exhibited by the student; and (e) potential reinforcers and interventions.
a) functional analysis interview
b) direct measurement
c) anecdotal observation
d) direct assessment
a.) functional analysis interview
other feedback:
direct measurement
Feedback: Incorrect. This occurs when the behavior that is measured is the same as the behavior that is the focus of the investigation. It is not an interview protocol.
anecdotal observation
Feedback: Incorrect. This refers to a form of direct, continuous observation in which the observer records a descriptive, temporally sequenced account of all behaviors of interest and the antecedent conditions and consequences for those behaviors as they occur in the client’s natural environment.
direct assessment
Feedback: Incorrect. This is a behavioral evaluation involving direct observation and recording of the behavior as it occurs, not an interview protocol.
The process of generating information on the events preceding and following the behavior in an attempt to predict which antecedents and consequences are reliably associated with the occurrence of the behavior by conducting observations.
a) functional analysis
b) indirect assessment
c) descriptive assessment
d) functional assessment interview
c.) descriptive assessment
other feedback:
functional analysis
Feedback: Incorrect. This is an experimental analysis, requiring the manipulation of environmental variables.
indirect assessment
Feedback: Incorrect. This assessment involves gathering information from stakeholders and does not require one to conduct observations.
functional assessment interview
Feedback: Incorrect. This is a type of indirect assessment.
Interventions that decrease problem behaviors without the use of punishment by modifying the antecedents and consequences that control the behaviors.
a) function-based interventions
b) functionally equivalent response
c) functional assessment
d) exploratory functional analysis
a) function based interventions
other feedback:
functionally equivalent response
Feedback: Incorrect. Procedures that teach functionally equivalent responses would be an example of functional interventions.
functional assessment
Feedback: Incorrect. This is the general assessment process for determining the reinforcing consequence that maintains a problem behavior.
exploratory functional analysis
Feedback: Incorrect. This would be implemented if the outcome of the assessment did not yield meaningful information about what controls the behavior.
Assessment that relies on information from others.
a) complete assessment
b) unstructured assessment
c) indirect assessment
d) implicit assessment
c) indirect assessment
other feedback:
complete assessment
Feedback: Incorrect. There are several terms that describe various assessment methods in ABA, but “complete” is not one of them.
unstructured assessment
Feedback: Incorrect. There are several terms that describe various assessment methods in ABA, but “unstructured” is not one of them.
implicit assessment
Feedback: Incorrect. Implicit learning is a term used to describe contingency-shaped learning. However, “implicit” does not describe an ABA assessment method.
Structured interviews, checklists, rating scales, or questionnaires used to obtain information from people who are familiar with the person exhibiting the problem behavior.
a) contingency reversal
b) unverifiable assessment
c) functional behavior assessment
d) indirect functional assessment
d) indirect functional assessment
other feedback:
functional behavior assessment
Feedback: Incorrect. A functional behavior assessment includes both direct observation and indirect assessment procedures, including interviews, checklists, and so on.
unverifiable assessment
Feedback: Incorrect. This is not a term that is used in ABA.
contingency reversal
Feedback: Incorrect. Note that a contingency reversal occurs while various conditions are being tested during direct observation.
Occurs when the behavior that is measured is in some way different from the behavior of interest.
a) direct measurement
b) continuous measurement
c) discontinuous measurement
d) indirect measurement
d.) indirect measurement
other feedback:
direct measurement
Feedback: Incorrect. Target behavior is directly observed and data is collected during direct measurement.
continuous measurement
Feedback: Incorrect. During continuous measurement, each occurrence of the target behavior is recorded within an observation period.
discontinuous measurement
Feedback: Incorrect. This involves directly observing the behavior of interest and collecting data on some instances of target behavior.
A type of reinforcement in which the occurrence of the behavior is followed by the removal or avoidance of an aversive stimulus.
a) positive reinforcement
b) operant conditioning
c) negative reinforcement
d) methodological behaviorism
c.) negative reinforcement
other feedback:
methodological behaviorism
Feedback: Incorrect. Adherents of methodological behaviorism believe that unobservable behaviors cannot be part of scientific exploration.
positive reinforcement
Feedback: Incorrect. An operation in which a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a preferred stimulus, and as a result the behavior occurs more frequently in the future under similar conditions.
operant conditioning
Feedback: Incorrect. Operant conditioning involves changing behavior through the processes of reinforcement or punishment procedures. Therefore, negative reinforcement is an operant conditioning process, but is not synonymous with operant conditioning.
A type of reinforcement in which, contingent on the behavior, a stimulus or event is presented and the probability of the behavior increases in the future.
a) neutral reinforcement
b) positive reinforcement
c) operant conditioning
d) negative reinforcement
b.) positive reinforcement
other feedback:
neutral reinforcement
Feedback: Incorrect. This is not a term commonly used in the field of ABA. Reinforcement refers to a stimulus change that follows a behavior and increases the future likelihood of that behavior. This stimulus change must be positive (added) or negative (removed) rather than neutral.
operant conditioning
Feedback: Incorrect. Operant conditioning involves changing behavior through the processes of reinforcement or punishment procedures.
negative reinforcement
Feedback: Incorrect. An operation in which a behavior is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus, and as a result the behavior occurs more frequently in the future under similar conditions. Negative reinforcement is an operant conditioning procedure like positive reinforcement, but the stimulus change that follows behavior involves removal or avoidance instead of addition.
Holds that only behaviors likely to produce reinforcement in that person’s natural environment should be targeted for change.
a) reactivity
b) pivotal behavior rule
c) validity of behavior rule
d) relevance of behavior rule
d.) relevance of behavior rule
other feedback:
reactivity
Feedback: Incorrect. This more closely describes the effects that observation has on the response being measured.
pivotal behavior rule
Feedback: Incorrect. Pivotal behaviors are defined in terms of how they evoke untrained behaviors once the original response is learned. They are not defined as a rule.
validity of behavior rule
Feedback: Incorrect. Validity refers to the extent that a variable measures what it intends to measure. It is not defined as a rule in ABA.
Defines instances of the targeted response class by the shape or form of the behavior.
a) behavioral cusp
b) satiation
c) topography-based definition
d) topography normalization
c.) topography based definition
other feedback:
behavioral cusp
Feedback: Incorrect. This describes an action has sudden and dramatic consequences that extend well beyond the idiosyncratic change itself because it exposes the person to new environments, reinforcers, contingencies, responses, and stimulus controls. This term is not the best fit to describe the definition provided.
satiation
Feedback: Incorrect. Satiation is not a term that is used to define response classes.
topography normalization
Feedback: Incorrect. Normalization is not a word that is typically used to define topography.
