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Biochem ll > Part 3 > Flashcards

Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which amino acid is a precursor for the synthesis of both creatine and glutathione?

A

Glycine

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2
Q

Which product is formed by the detoxification of benzoic acid using glycine?

A

Hippuric acid

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3
Q

The blood levels of which waste product are used as a diagnostic marker for kidney function?

A

Both creatinine and urea

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4
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) from methionine?

A

Methionine adenosyl transferase (MAT)

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5
Q

Which vitamin is necessary for the conversion of homocysteine to cysteine?

A

Vitamin B12

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6
Q

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been associated with all EXCEPT which of the following diseases?

A

Diabetes mellitus

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7
Q

Deficiency of which enzyme leads to homocystinuria Type I?

A

Cystathionine synthase

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8
Q

The disease Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is caused by a defect in which enzyme?

A

Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase

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9
Q

What is the primary treatment approach for Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)?

A

Branched-chain amino acid-free diet

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10
Q

Arginine is cleaved by arginase to release which of the following products?

A

Urea and ornithine

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11
Q

Which amino acid is converted into nitric oxide (NO) in the body?

A

Arginine

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12
Q

In the context of cardiovascular treatment, nitric oxide (NO) is commonly administered in which form?

A

Nitroglycerin

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13
Q

Which enzyme deficiency results in elevated levels of FIGLU in urine?

A

Histidase

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14
Q

Elevated FIGLU levels in urine indicate a deficiency in which vitamin?

A

Folic acid

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15
Q

Histamine is derived from the decarboxylation of which amino acid?

A

Histidine

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16
Q

Which of the following amino acids is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

A

GABA

17
Q

A deficiency in Vitamin B6 can lead to decreased levels of which neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

18
Q

Which amino acid plays a key role in the Alanine-Pyruvate shuttle?

A

Alanine

19
Q

The transamination reaction in muscles that involves pyruvate is converted to which amino acid before it’s transported to the liver?

A

Alanine

20
Q

Which enzyme deficiency leads to hyperargininemia?

A

Arginase

21
Q

Which amino acid is involved in one-carbon metabolism and is also a precursor for purines?

A

Glycine

22
Q

What high-energy compound, synthesized from glycine, arginine, and methionine, is used during intense muscular contraction?

A

Creatine phosphate

23
Q

Which sulfur-containing amino acid is glucogenic and essential in the human diet?

A

Methionine

24
Q

Which vitamin is crucial for the transmethylation reactions involving S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)?

A

Vitamin B12

25
Q

An increase in circulating homocysteine levels can be caused by deficiencies in all EXCEPT:

A

Vitamin D

26
Q

Cysteine is a precursor for which of the following compounds?

A

Taurine

27
Q

Which amino acid is a major transporter of nitrogen and ammonia in the body?

A

Glutamine

28
Q

Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with which of the following complications?

A

Cardiovascular disease

29
Q

Which amino acid, when decarboxylated, produces an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

A

Glutamate (produces GABA)

30
Q

The metabolism of which amino acid is important for the production of FIGLU, an intermediate that requires folate for further metabolism?

A

Histidine

31
Q

Excessive production of histamine is linked to which conditions?

A

Asthma and allergic reactions

32
Q

Which enzyme is required for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) from arginine?

A

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS)

33
Q

Glutamine serves as a nitrogen donor for the synthesis of which two types of compounds?

A

Purines and pyrimidines

34
Q

In Vitamin B6 deficiency, a reduction in which neurotransmitter can lead to increased neuronal excitability?

A

GABA

35
Q

What is the primary function of the Alanine-Pyruvate shuttle?

A

To transport nitrogen to the liver for excretion

Biochem ll (4 decks)

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