Part 3

Question 1

Which amino acid is a precursor for the synthesis of both creatine and glutathione?

Answer 1

Glycine

Question 2

Which product is formed by the detoxification of benzoic acid using glycine?

Answer 2

Hippuric acid

Question 3

The blood levels of which waste product are used as a diagnostic marker for kidney function?

Answer 3

Both creatinine and urea

Question 4

Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) from methionine?

Answer 4

Methionine adenosyl transferase (MAT)

Question 5

Which vitamin is necessary for the conversion of homocysteine to cysteine?

Answer 5

Vitamin B12

Question 6

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been associated with all EXCEPT which of the following diseases?

Answer 6

Diabetes mellitus

Question 7

Deficiency of which enzyme leads to homocystinuria Type I?

Answer 7

Cystathionine synthase

Question 8

The disease Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is caused by a defect in which enzyme?

Answer 8

Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase

Question 9

What is the primary treatment approach for Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)?

Answer 9

Branched-chain amino acid-free diet

Question 10

Arginine is cleaved by arginase to release which of the following products?

Answer 10

Urea and ornithine

Question 11

Which amino acid is converted into nitric oxide (NO) in the body?

Answer 11

Arginine

Question 12

In the context of cardiovascular treatment, nitric oxide (NO) is commonly administered in which form?

Answer 12

Nitroglycerin

Question 13

Which enzyme deficiency results in elevated levels of FIGLU in urine?

Answer 13

Histidase

Question 14

Elevated FIGLU levels in urine indicate a deficiency in which vitamin?

Answer 14

Folic acid

Question 15

Histamine is derived from the decarboxylation of which amino acid?

Answer 15

Histidine

Question 16

Which of the following amino acids is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

Answer 16

GABA

Question 17

A deficiency in Vitamin B6 can lead to decreased levels of which neurotransmitter?

Answer 17

GABA

Question 18

Which amino acid plays a key role in the Alanine-Pyruvate shuttle?

Answer 18

Alanine

Question 19

The transamination reaction in muscles that involves pyruvate is converted to which amino acid before it’s transported to the liver?

Answer 19

Alanine

Question 20

Which enzyme deficiency leads to hyperargininemia?

Answer 20

Arginase

Question 21

Which amino acid is involved in one-carbon metabolism and is also a precursor for purines?

Answer 21

Glycine

Question 22

What high-energy compound, synthesized from glycine, arginine, and methionine, is used during intense muscular contraction?

Answer 22

Creatine phosphate

Question 23

Which sulfur-containing amino acid is glucogenic and essential in the human diet?

Answer 23

Methionine

Question 24

Which vitamin is crucial for the transmethylation reactions involving S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)?

Answer 24

Vitamin B12

Question 25

An increase in circulating homocysteine levels can be caused by deficiencies in all EXCEPT:

Answer 25

Vitamin D

Question 26

Cysteine is a precursor for which of the following compounds?

Answer 26

Taurine

Question 27

Which amino acid is a major transporter of nitrogen and ammonia in the body?

Answer 27

Glutamine

Question 28

Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with which of the following complications?

Answer 28

Cardiovascular disease

Question 29

Which amino acid, when decarboxylated, produces an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

Answer 29

Glutamate (produces GABA)

Question 30

The metabolism of which amino acid is important for the production of FIGLU, an intermediate that requires folate for further metabolism?

Answer 30

Histidine

Question 31

Excessive production of histamine is linked to which conditions?

Answer 31

Asthma and allergic reactions

Question 32

Which enzyme is required for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) from arginine?

Answer 32

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS)

Question 33

Glutamine serves as a nitrogen donor for the synthesis of which two types of compounds?

Answer 33

Purines and pyrimidines

Question 34

In Vitamin B6 deficiency, a reduction in which neurotransmitter can lead to increased neuronal excitability?

Answer 34

GABA

Question 35

What is the primary function of the Alanine-Pyruvate shuttle?

Answer 35

To transport nitrogen to the liver for excretion