Part 3 Flashcards
Which amino acid is a precursor for the synthesis of both creatine and glutathione?
Glycine
Which product is formed by the detoxification of benzoic acid using glycine?
Hippuric acid
The blood levels of which waste product are used as a diagnostic marker for kidney function?
Both creatinine and urea
Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) from methionine?
Methionine adenosyl transferase (MAT)
Which vitamin is necessary for the conversion of homocysteine to cysteine?
Vitamin B12
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been associated with all EXCEPT which of the following diseases?
Diabetes mellitus
Deficiency of which enzyme leads to homocystinuria Type I?
Cystathionine synthase
The disease Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is caused by a defect in which enzyme?
Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
What is the primary treatment approach for Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)?
Branched-chain amino acid-free diet
Arginine is cleaved by arginase to release which of the following products?
Urea and ornithine
Which amino acid is converted into nitric oxide (NO) in the body?
Arginine
In the context of cardiovascular treatment, nitric oxide (NO) is commonly administered in which form?
Nitroglycerin
Which enzyme deficiency results in elevated levels of FIGLU in urine?
Histidase
Elevated FIGLU levels in urine indicate a deficiency in which vitamin?
Folic acid
Histamine is derived from the decarboxylation of which amino acid?
Histidine
Which of the following amino acids is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?
GABA
A deficiency in Vitamin B6 can lead to decreased levels of which neurotransmitter?
GABA
Which amino acid plays a key role in the Alanine-Pyruvate shuttle?
Alanine
The transamination reaction in muscles that involves pyruvate is converted to which amino acid before it’s transported to the liver?
Alanine
Which enzyme deficiency leads to hyperargininemia?
Arginase
Which amino acid is involved in one-carbon metabolism and is also a precursor for purines?
Glycine
What high-energy compound, synthesized from glycine, arginine, and methionine, is used during intense muscular contraction?
Creatine phosphate
Which sulfur-containing amino acid is glucogenic and essential in the human diet?
Methionine
Which vitamin is crucial for the transmethylation reactions involving S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)?
Vitamin B12
An increase in circulating homocysteine levels can be caused by deficiencies in all EXCEPT:
Vitamin D
Cysteine is a precursor for which of the following compounds?
Taurine
Which amino acid is a major transporter of nitrogen and ammonia in the body?
Glutamine
Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with which of the following complications?
Cardiovascular disease
Which amino acid, when decarboxylated, produces an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?
Glutamate (produces GABA)
The metabolism of which amino acid is important for the production of FIGLU, an intermediate that requires folate for further metabolism?
Histidine
Excessive production of histamine is linked to which conditions?
Asthma and allergic reactions
Which enzyme is required for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) from arginine?
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS)
Glutamine serves as a nitrogen donor for the synthesis of which two types of compounds?
Purines and pyrimidines
In Vitamin B6 deficiency, a reduction in which neurotransmitter can lead to increased neuronal excitability?
GABA
What is the primary function of the Alanine-Pyruvate shuttle?
To transport nitrogen to the liver for excretion
