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Eye > Part 3 > Flashcards

Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Extraocular muscles of eye

A

7 total
- 4 recti- sup inf medial and lateral
- 2 obliques- superior and inf
- 1 Lavator palpebra superioris

  • Originate from annulus of Zinn. **Except **for inferior oblique that originates form the lacrimal bone
    -Inserted behind equator of eye ball.
    -sup. Oblique takes turn at the trochlea
    -thinnest and longest muscle- sup oblique
  • innervation by CN3 for all muscles EXCEPT SO4 and LR6
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2
Q

Intraoccular muscles of eye

A

3 total

  • sphincter pupilae _ innervated by 3CN
  • dilator pupilae _ innervated by sympathetic nerves
  • cilliary muscles.
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3
Q

Esotropia

A
  • median deviation/ adduction of eye
  • Type of strabismus/ squint
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4
Q

Exotropia

A

-lateral deviation/ abduction of eye

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5
Q

Myopia

A

Far vision

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6
Q

Hypermetropia

A

Near vision

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7
Q

Agre related refractive error called?

A

Presbyopia

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8
Q

Test to asses squint

A

Hirschberg test
Light reflex

1 mm deviation - 15 diopters
2 mm deviation - 30 diopters

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9
Q

3 CN palsy

A
  • ptosis
  • down and out eye

LPS - ptosis
SR + IO - for downward eye
medial rectus - for outward eye

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10
Q

Muscles responsible for elevation of eye

A

SR and INF. OBLIQUE

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11
Q

Function of external muscles

A

SIN- all superiors are introters
All inferiors are extroters

RAD- all recti are adductors
All obliques are abductors

SO- ABID- sup. Oblique=
Abduction - intorsion - depression

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12
Q

6CN palsy

A
  • lateral rectus muscle
  • primary gaze normal
  • eye will not move laterally in affected side
  • Diplopia
  • head turn toward same side
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13
Q

4CN palsy

A
  • diplopia on down gaze
  • head turn towards opposite side
  • sup. Oplique
  • eye will be down only.
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14
Q

Ambyopia RX

A
  • Lazy eye
  • Occlusion/ patching of the normal eye
  • anblyogenic period- 7-8 years
  • can be treated till 14 years
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15
Q

Papilledema

A
  • Reactionary disc edema
  • 8 times enlarged size
  • Angry sun appearance
  • Venous tortuousity
  • Increased intracranial pressure
  • increased size of blind spot in perimetry
  • pupil and vision is normal
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16
Q

Most common cause of optic neuritis?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

17
Q

Optic neuritis

A

1- papillitis
involvement of optic Disc
- size 2x enlarged OD
-RAPD (Marcus Gunn pupil)

2- neuroretinitis
** involvement of optic nerve + OD + macula**
- cystoid macular edema causing macular star appearance

18
Q

Primary optic atrophy

A

Death of ganglionic cells

  • Primary- trauma toxins tumours
  • Chalky white appearance of OD
  • Secondary- after papillitis or neuroretinitis
  • grey white OD
19
Q

1st order neurons of visual pathway?

A

Rods and cones

20
Q

Visual pathway

A
  • optic nerve
    Cross innervation (nasal side responsible for temporal vision and vv)
  • optic chiasma
    Only nasal fibres cross at optic chiasma
  • optic tract
  • terminate in lateral geniculate body
  • optic radiation
  • visual cortex (occipital lobe)
21
Q

Anopsia

A
  • complete loss of vision of whole eye
  • damage of optic nerve
  • will affect same side
22
Q

Bitemporal hemianopia

A
  • damage of optic chiasma nasal fibres
  • compression of chiasma by tumours prolactinoma and craniopharyngioma
  • will affect opposite side
  • nasal fibres damage will cause temporal side vision loss
23
Q

Homonymous hemianopia

A
  • same side vision loss
    Either right sided or left sided
  • always CONTRA LATERAL
  • damage to optic tract
  • same side ka vision loss, opposite side ka lesion
24
Q

All lesions below the optic chiasma will cause?

A

Homonymous hemianopia

25
Q

All lesions below optic chiasma will affect which side

A

Contra lateral side

26
Q

Color blindness

A

X linked recessive

(Only affect males, females will be carriers)
- Most common- Deuteranopia green color
- PuRe- protanopia for red
- TB - tritanopia for blue color
ishihara chart to check red and green

27
Q

Uvea composed of?

A

Iris
Cilliary body
Choroid

28
Q

Uveitis types

A

1- anterior
2- intermediate
3- posterior uveitis

Anterior- iritis, iridocyclitis
Intermediate- pars planitis
Posterior- choroiditis
All parts- pan uveitis

29
Q

Uveitis (ant)

A
  • cells (inflammatory) seen in ant. chamber-
  • if cells attach behind cornea - keratin precipitates KPs
  • mutton fat KPs in granulomatous
  • thin fine KPs in non granulomatous
  • KPs arranged in triangle pattern- Arlt’s triangle ant uve
  • irregular pupil due to adhesions
  • 360• adhesions = iris bombe
  • Irregular dilated pupil - festooned pupil anterior uve
  • associated with alkalising spondylitis
  • koeppe’s nodules at pupillary margins
  • busacco’s nodules on surface of iris
    — due to aggregation of epitheloid and mononuclear cells

Slit lamp microscope to check anterior chamber

30
Q

DOC for ant uveitis?
DOC for Acute attack of ant uveitis?

A

1- Steroids
2- cycloplegics (for pain relief since it’s acute condition)
Atropine used

31
Q

Longest acting cycloplegic

A

Atropine- used in children

32
Q

Shortest acting cycloplegic

A

Tropicamide - used in adults

33
Q

Intermediate uveitis

A
  • candle wax dripping sign
  • snowball/ snow banking sign
    -DOC- steroids
34
Q

Posterior uveitis

A
  • choroiditis
    In active form
  • headlight in the fog appearance- hazy posterior segment + bright optic disc
  • MCC - toxoplasmosis
35
Q

Bilateral granulomatous Panuveitis

A

Sympathetic opthalmitis

MCC- penetrating injury at the cilliary body
Treatment of choice- enucleation

Eye (3 decks)

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