Part 2 - Reactivity Of Metals Flashcards
Define the term reactivity?
Reactivity refers to the tendency of a chemical to react with other chemicals
How is the periodic table grouped? And how are these arranged in the periodic table?
It is grouped in a vertical column
In which there are elements with common chemical properties
Name 2 other elements that are in the same group as sodium in the periodic table?
Lithium (Li) Potassium (K) Rubidium (Rob) Caesium (Cs) Francium (Fr)
What is the ‘period’ in a periodic table? And what is the general trend or change of a property as it goes along the table?
A horizontal row.
There is a general trend or change of property along a period
It increases as you go across a period from left to right
E.g. Electronegativity
What is electronegativity?
The tendency of an atom to attract the electrons of a bond towards itself
Which element is more electromagnetic, sodium or chlorine?
Both elements are in period 3
Chlorine is in group 17 and has greater electronegativity than sodium; chlorine has a greater tendency to attract the bonding electrons than sodium
What are metalloids?
Elements which have properties in between those of metals and non - metals
How many metalloids are there in the periodic table?
6
Boron (B) Silicon (Si) Germanium (Ge) Arsenic (As) Antimony (Sb) Tellurium (Te)
They are clustered in a narrow diagonal band between metals and non metals
What is the atomic number of an element?
The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the atom
How many electrons are there in an atom?
The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons
What is electron configuration? I’m
It is the arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus
It is how atoms of different elements interact chemically
In terms of energy how are electrons arranged around a nucleus?
The innermost shell has the lowest energy and fills first.
When the shell is full, the electrons start to fill up the next shell. Shells continue to fill up progressively.
The lower energy states of atoms are those in which the negatively charged electrons spend more time closer to the positively charged nucleus.
How many electrons can occupy the first shell of an atom?
2
How many electrons can occupy the second shell of an atom?
8
How many electrons can occupy the third shell of an atom?
8
How many electrons can occupy the fourth shell of an atom?
2
What are noble gases also known as?
Inert gases
What group do noble gases occupy in the periodic table?
18
What are noble gases well known for?
For their lack of reactivity
Why do noble gases rarely react with other elements?
Because of their stable electronic configuration
What are elements in group 1 of the periodic table known as?
Alkali metals
Why do alkali metals need to be stored in special conditions?
Because they are very reactive and need to be kept away from air and water
What is the trend in reactivity of the alkali metals in group 1 of the periodic table?
The reactivity of alkali metals increase as you go down group 1
What is produced when alkali metals react with water?
Hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide
What is a metal hydroxide?
It is a compound
Positive metal ion combined
Negative hydroxide ion
What do brackets in a scientific chemical equation represent?
The letter in brackets represents the state of matter of the reactants and products
Solid (s)
Liquid (l)
Gas (g)
Dissolved in water (aqueous) - (aq)
Which ions do you get when salt (NaCl) dissolves in water?
Na+
And
Cl-
Ions
What are monoatomic ions?
Containing only one atom
What are polyatomic ions?
Contains more than one atom.
Why is there a difference in the reactivity of alkali metals and noble gases?
The main difference is due to their electronic configuration
The outer shell of alkali metals are not balanced
When the electron in an outer shell is further away from the nucleus, what happens between the negatively charged electrons and the positively charged protons?
The attraction is reduced
Why is potassium more reactive than sodium or lithium?
Because potassium has more shells and the attraction between the electrons and protons are reduced the further away the electron is from the nucleus, it is easier to remove the electron from the outer shell due to its increased distance from the nucleus
What is the relationship between the number of shells an atom has and the ‘period’ in the periodic table?
The number of shells is the same as the period number in the periodic table.
E.g. Lithium has 2 shells and is therefore in period 2
What elements are in group 2 in the periodic table?
Alkaline earth metals
If magnesium loses two electrons in its third shell to give Mg2+. Which other element has the same electron configuration?
Mg2+ has 10 electrons surrounding it the nucleus and its electron configuration is the same as neon
Moving down groups 1 and 2 in the periodic table, you can see that the number of electrons in the outer shell is the same as the group number.
How many electrons are in the outer shell of alkali metals (or group 1) in the periodic table?
Alkali metals (group 1) have one electron in the outer shell
How many electrons are in the outer shell of alkaline earth metals (or group 2) in the periodic table?
Alkaline earth metals (or group 2) have 2 electrons in the outer shell
What is a chemical described as if it releases energy in to its surroundings?
Exothermic
What is a chemical described as if it absorbs energy from its surroundings?
Endothermic
Are the reactions of the alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and Fr) with water endothermic or exothermic?
The reactions of the alkali metals with water release energy and therefore are exothermic
Where are transition metals placed in the periodic table?
They are a large group of metal elements placed in the centre of the periodic table.
Are transition metals more or less reactive that group 1 and 2?
They are less reactive and insoluble in water
Give some examples of transition metals?
Iron, zinc, copper, gold
Why do you think that gold, silver and copper have been used for so long in coinage?
The reactivity of gold, silver and copper is very low. There would be little value in a coinage that slowly reacted to form other compounds. The intrinsic value of the metal is also a factor for gold and silver
What is oxidation?
It is the reaction of oxygen from the atmosphere with a substance to produce a new substance.
Loss of electrons represents oxidation.
What is reduction?
It is where a substance gains electrons
How can the term OILRIG help you to remember what oxidation and reduction?
Oil is loss
Reduction is gain
(Of electrons)
Is the rusting of iron metal an example of oxidation or reduction?
Oxidation reaction
Here each iron atom loses two electrons to form the ion (Fe2+)
