Part 2: Procaryotic Features Flashcards
The _______ is a viscous, sticky polymer that is external to the cell wall.
The glycocalyx is a viscous, sticky polymer that is external to the cell wall.
A general term used to describe sticky substances that surround cells.
The glycocalyx comes in 2 forms, name and describe them.
1.) Slime Layer
A.) Thin covering of polysaccharides
B.) Describes the glycocalyx when it is unorganized and loosely attached to the cell wall.
2.) Capsule
A.) Thick covering of polysaccharides
B.) Describes the glycocalyx when it is organized and firmly attached to the cell wall.
The ________ is a thin covering of polysaccharides, and describes the glycocalyx when it is unorganized and loosely attached to the cell wall.
The slime layer is a thin covering of polysaccharides, and describes the glycocalyx when it is unorganized and loosely attached to the cell wall.
The ______ is a thick covering of polysaccharides, and describes the glycocalyx when it is organized and firmly attached to the cell wall.
The capsule is a thick covering of polysaccharides, and describes the glycocalyx when it is organized and firmly attached to the cell wall.
What are the two main functions of the glycocalyx?
- ) Protection
- ) Attachment
What is the term given to bacteria that have no flagella?
Atrichous
What is the name given to bacteria that have a single polar flagellum?
Monotrichous
What is the name given to bacteria that have two flagella?
A single flagellum is positioned at each end (pole) of the cell.
Amphitrichous
single flagellum is positioned at each end (pole) of the cell
What is the name given to bacteria when there are two or more flagella at one or both poles of the cell?
Lophotrichous
two or more flagella at one or both poles of the cell
Bacterial Mobility
Movement towards a positive chemical stimulus or away from a negative chemical stimulus along a concentration gradient.
Chemotaxis
Bacterial Mobility
Movement towards or away from light.
Phototaxis
Bacterial Mobility
Movement towards or away from an energy source.
Aerotaxis
_______ are hairlike projections; bristle-like, and thinner than flagella.
Their function is to attach bacteria to surfaces (rocks in aquatic environment, human cells, etc.)
Fimbria / Fimbriae
________ are larger and longer than fimbriae, and function in bacterial mating (conjugation).
Allows for the transfer of DNA between cells.
Not present in all bacteria
Sex Pilus / Conjugation Pilus
A gram postive cell wall contains ________ and ________ acids which extend from the peptidoglycan surface.
A gram postive cell wall contains teichoic and lipoteichoic acids which extend from the peptidoglycan surface.
