Part 2: Lower Limb, Gluteal Region, Hip Joint

Question 1

Abductors of the Thigh at the Hip (3) and nerve innervation:

Answer 1

1. Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Tensor Fascia Lata (anterior thigh)
2. superior gluteal nerve

Question 2

Damage to the superior gluteal nerve will lead to:

Answer 2

• weakened hip abductors
• Trendelenburg/gluteus medius gait
• hip opposite to weakened abductor drops

Question 3

Medial Rotators of the Thigh at the Hip and nerve innervation:

Answer 3

• Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Tensor Fascia Lata (anterior thigh)
• superior gluteal nerve

Question 4

Lateral Rotators of the Thigh at the Hip:

Answer 4

• Piriformis, Obturator Internus, Gemelli, Quadratus Femoris, Gluteus Maximus, Obturator Externus (medial thigh)

Question 5

Extensors of the Thigh at the Hip and nerve innervation:

Answer 5

• Gluteus Maximus, Hamstrings (posterior thigh)
• inferior gluteal nerve

Question 6

Piriformis syndrome (compression):

Answer 6

• compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle as they emerge through the greater sciatic foramen.
• involves radiating pain down the limb and may include muscle weakness/foot drop.

Question 7

Label arrows only:

Answer 7

• top to bottom:
  
  • pudendal nerve
  • internal pudendal artery and vein
  • sciatic nerve
  • posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 8

If a patient is given an opioid gluteal injection and demonstrates foot drop shortly thereafter, where was the injection likely given?

Answer 8

• In the common fibular side of the sciatic nerve, which is responsible for ankle dorsiflexion and digit extension

Question 9

Label all:

Answer 9

Question 10

Function of hip ligaments:

Answer 10

• resist hip extension

Question 11

Hip Joint:

Answer 11

• ball-and-socket synovial joint between head of femur and acetabulum of the coxal bone.

Question 12

Joint stability of the hip joint is enhanced by:

Answer 12

• deep bony socket
• fibrocartilagenous acetabular labrum
• extracapsular ligaments
• strong muscles crossing it

Question 13

The four hip ligaments:

Answer 13

1. Iliofemoral
2. Ischiofemoral
3. Pubofemoral
4. Round Ligament of Femur

Question 14

Label:

Answer 14

Question 15

Label:

Answer 15

Question 16

Label:

Answer 16

contains foveal artery

Question 17

The strongest hip ligament is:

Answer 17

Iliofemoral

Question 18

What is the primary blood supply to the femur head?

Answer 18

• medial circumflex femoral artery
• fracture of the femoral head can compromise blood flow and lead to avascular necrosis
  
  • common in osteoporosis