Part 2 Inhalt Flashcards
What was the last amending treaty?
the Lisbon Treaty signed on 13 December 2007
What/ when was the treaty of Paris?
establishing the European Coal and Stell Community on 18 April 1951 (expired 2002)
What/when was the treaties of Rome?
establishing the European Economic Community (ECC) and the European Atomic Energy Community; signed on 25 March 1957
What/when was the Single European Act (SEA)?
amended ECC Treaty and paved the way for completing the single market in February 1986
What/when was the Treaty on European Union?
Also called the MAASTRICHT TREATY established the EU gave the parialment more say in decision-making and added new policy areas of cooperation; signed on 7 February 1992
What/when was the Treaty of Amsterdam?
amended previous treaties on 2 October 1997
What/when was the treaty of Nice?
it streamlined the EU institutional system so that it could continue to work effectively after the new wave of MS joined in 2004 -> signed 26 February 2003
What/when Was the Treaty of Lisbon?
it simplified working methods and voting rules, created a president of The European Council and introduced new structures with a view to making the EU a stronger actor on the global stage; signed on 13 dec. 2007
What types of legislation are there? How to the vary?
REGULATION: applicable and binding in all MS directly
DIRECTIVE: binds MS to achieve particular objective-> must be transposed into national law
DECISION: can be addressed to MS or group of individual. -> binding in its entirety
RECOMMENDATIONS AND OPINION: have no binding force
How is EU Law passed? What are the steps until the FIRST READING?
by the Ordinary Legislative Procedure (OLP)
- Proposal from the COMMISSION
- Opinions from the NATIONAL PARLIAMENTS
- Opinions from the European Economic and Social Committee and/or the Committee of the Regions
then FIRST READING
What are the steps after the first/before the second reading?
What happens then?
- First Reading by the EUParliament: it adopts a position (amendments)
- Commission can amend its proposal
- First reading by the COUNCIL
then either THE ACT IS ADOPTED OR SECOND READING
Where does the EU have EXCLUSIVE COMPETENCES
areas over customs, competition, monetary policy for the euro area and conservation of fish and trade
Where does the EU have shared competence?
many such as: internal market agriculture, environment, consumer protection and transport
-> EU law has priority, but if there is no EU law national law is applicable
What are the main facts about the European Parliament?
- directly elected legislative arm of the EU by the citizens
- seats are allocated among MS on basis of share of population
- 3 main roles:
1. share with the COUNCIL the power to legislate
2. exercises democratic supervision over all EU institutions/approve or reject president and right to censure the Commission as a whole
3. share authority with the Council over the EU budget and can influence the EU spending
What are the main facts about The European Council?
- defines political direction and priorities
- members: heads of state/government
- does not legislate-> discussion and gives opinions
- decision by consensus however, sometimes qualified majority
What is the Euro summit?
Members of the Euro area meet. to discuss ecominc policy reforms
Which council is which?
European Council: Heads of State /Government together with its president and president of the EU Commission-> highest level policymaking body in EU; meetings called summits
The Council: Council of Ministers, to take detailed decisions and to pas European Laws
Council of Europe: it is an intergovernmental organisation aims to protect the human rights, democracy and the rule of law-> EU Convention on Human Rights
What are the main facts about the Council?
deciding on policies and adopting legislation-> one minister from each MS
has 5 key responsibilities: pass law, coordinate MS policies, develop common foreign and security policy, conclude international agreements, adopt the EUs budget
What are the main facts about the European Commission?
- executive arm of the EU that proposes laws, policies agreements and promotes the Union
- propose législation to parliament and the council
- to manage and implement eu policies and the bugdegt
- enforce European law
- represent the union around the world
What is the difference of primary and secondary law?
Treaties (primary legislation) are the basis or ground rules for all EU action
regulations, directives and decisions (secondary law) are derived from the principles and objectives set out in the treaties
Where does primary law mainly come from?
Treaty of Rome (Treaty on the Function of the EU) and Treaty of Maastricht ( Treaty on European Union)
-> set out distribution of competences
How is the EU budget funded?
mainly by the EU MS; not by a European Union Tax, but VAT important also not funded by (mainly) by the Parliament and the Council
What are the directorates-general (DGs)
departments inside the Commission-> each DG is responsible for a particular policy area
