Part 2 - Challenging Royal Authority

Question 1

What was the Reformation and why did it happens?

Answer 1

The Reformation was when Henry created the CofE and broke from the Catholic church in Rome (led by the Pope). He did this because he was to divorce his first wife which the Pope denied to marry Anne Boleyn.

Question 2

Causes of the Pilgrimage of Grace?

Answer 2

1. Changes to the Church - people disliked the changes Henry had made. He had dissolved the monasteries to gain wealth - the churches had provided the poor with help.
2. Losing influence - as a result of religious change made wealthy landowners fell out of favour because they were Catholic.
3. Hate for Cromwell - many people hate Henry’s top advisor as he had established the break from Rome and he came from a poor background.
4. Rising prices - a bad harvest and raised food prices caused inflation. This had bad effects on the poor.

Question 3

What were the demands of the rebels in the PoG?

Answer 3

1. monastaries to be restores - especially in the North.
2. Recognise the Pope as head of the Church
3. Dismissal of Cromwell.

Question 4

Timeline of events for the PoG?

Answer 4

• In October 1536 pilgrims captured Lords Hussey and Darcy - led by Robert Aske.
• By the end of October they controlled the most of Northern England.
• On the 27th of October Norfolk (sent by Henry) met 30000 rebels at Doncaster Bridge.
• Aske is assured his wishes will be heard.
• Henry goes back on the promises he made to Aske at Christmas.
• The rebels revolt again in 1537.
• Henry crushes the North executing 216 people, including 38 monks and 16 priests.

Question 5

Religious impacts of the PoG?

Answer 5

• Failed to stop the dissolution of the monasteries.
• In 1539 many of the large monasteries are dissolved.

Question 6

Economic impacts of the PoG?

Answer 6

• Economy improved with money from the monasteries.
• Landowners brought monastery land.

Question 7

Political impacts of the PoG?

Answer 7

• Cromwell had the leaders of the rebellion killed.
• Henry strengthened the Northern Council.
• No more rebellions occurred under Henry’s reign.

Question 8

Causes of the English Civil War?

Answer 8

1. Religion - Puritans unhappy with reforms
2. Henrietta Maria - Charles married a Catholic
3. Divine Rights of Kings - Charles believed he didn’t have to explain his decisions.
4. Ireland - Protestants killed people thought Charles supported the Catholics.
5. Taxes - Charles introduced ‘ship tax’ to raise money for war.

Question 9

What happened in Scotland that built to the tension of the Civil War?

Answer 9

Scotland has it own Presbyterian church. However, in 1637 Charles insisted they uses the new Laudian prayer book. People signed an agreement saying they would not except the changes - the Convenanters. When Charles sent an army to Scotland the Convenanters defeated it then invaded.

Question 10

What happened in 1642?

Answer 10

John Pym presented the Grand Remostrance - a list of grievances. Charles marched into Parliament with an army and tried to arrest five members. This showed Charles as a tyrant

Question 11

Who fought whom in the English Civil War?

Answer 11

The Roundheads Vs The Cavaliers.

Question 12

What happened at Edgehill?

Answer 12

1642 - The first battle of the war, the king tried to take London but withdrew to Oxford.

Question 13

What was the New Model Army?

Answer 13

Cromwell created the New Model Army where people were promoted on merit not rank/title.

Question 14

What happened at Naseby in 1645?

Answer 14

The NM army made of 14000 men outnumbered the Cavaliers. They won the battle by attacking the Cavaliers from the rear.

Question 15

What was the Second Civil War?

Answer 15

Charles was captured and negotiated with Parliament. However at the same time Charles was negotiating with the Scots asking them to attack the Roundheads.

Question 16

What happened to Charles?

Answer 16

He was executed in the 30th of January 1649.

Question 17

What happened after Charles’ execution?

Answer 17

Cromwell established his rule as ‘Lord Protector’ he essentially ruled as a king.

Question 18

Significance of the English Civil War and the execution of Charles?

Answer 18

ST: The rebellion divided the nation, the king was executed for the first time ever. The monarchy was abolished for 11 years.

LT: The monarchy was restored but only with the consent of Parliament. The Civil war cemented that Parliament and the monarchy was separate. The Civil War inspires the Levellers and Diggers these groups would inspire other in the future.

Question 19

What was the Glorious Revolution?

Answer 19

After Cromwell his son Richard took over but the monarchy was quickly restored and Charles was put on the throne. After Charles James got the throne then it was offered to William of Orange. The Glorious Revolution was the invasion by William of Orange.

Question 20

What was the Bill of Rights?

Answer 20

Was signed by William of Orange and his wife Mary saying they would rule through Parliament - it also meant successors of them would rule through Parliament.

Question 21

Long term causes of the American Revolution?

Answer 21

• The British were gaining wealth off of the US. This annoyed the colonists.
• The British taxed legal papers and newspapers under the Stamp Tax.
• The British also taxed the army and tea.
• Britain didn’t allow trade with other countries.

Question 22

Short term causes of the American Revolution?

Answer 22

• Colonist wanted representation in London.
• The Boston Massacre - anti-British colonists threw stones at the army the army opened fire.

Question 23

What sparked the American Revolution?

Answer 23

The Lexington Incident sparked the beginning of the revolution. The British wanted gunpowder but when they tried to get it the colonists shot at them.

Question 24

What was the Declaration of Independence and when was it signed?

Answer 24

The DoI stated the 13 US colonies were free from British control. It was signed in 1775.

Question 25

What was the British response to the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 25

The British didn’t approve it lead to 7 years of war.

Question 26

What happened in Yorktown?

Answer 26

• up to this point most battles had been won by the British.
• In 1781 the Americans reinforced themselves with 3000 extra men
• The British waited on a peninsula for supplies but this cut them off and the Americans could attack.

Question 27

Consequences of the American Revolution for America?

Answer 27

• most people were proud they had defeated the Brits
• Anyone who wasn’t happy moved to the British controlled Canada.
• America set up congress and presidency.
• poor farmers who couldn’t afford land, women and African-Americans couldn’t vote.

Question 28

Consequences of the American Revolution for Britain?

Answer 28

• Britain spent a lot of money on the war.
• The war worsened relations with France.
• The USA could no longer be used as a penal colony.

Question 29

Significance of the American Revolution?

Answer 29

ST: Britain the most powerful nation had been defeated. They lost a lot of money and resource from the war.

LT: People globally saw that a powerful could be defeated. This inspired the French people to rebel against their monarchy - this lead to the French Revolution.