[PART 2] Cellular Level of Organization

Question 1

A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled or abnormal cell division.

A. Cancer
B. Fibrosis
C. Diabetes
D. Chronic Disease

Answer 1

A. Cancer

Question 2

Movement of substances out of a cell in secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents into the extracellular fluid.

A. Phagocytosis
B. Bulk-phase endocytosis
C. Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
D. Exocytosis

Answer 2

D. Exocytosis

Question 3

“Cell eating”; movement of a solid particle into a cell after pseudopods engulf it to form a phagosome.

A. Phagocytosis
B. Bulk-phase endocytosis
C. Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
D. Exocytosis

Answer 3

A. Phagocytosis

Question 4

Are the thinnest elements of the cytoskeleton. They are composed of the proteins actin and myosin and are most prevalent at the edge of a cell

A. Microfilaments
B. Microtubules
C. Microfibers
D. Flagella

Answer 4

A. Microfilaments

Question 5

In this process, an integral membrane protein assists a specific substance across the membrane. The integral membrane protein can be either a membrane channel or a carrier.

A. Facilitated Diffusion
B. Simple Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Glycolysis

Answer 5

A. Facilitated Diffusion

Question 6

The largest of the cytoskeletal components are long, unbranched hollow tubes composed mainly of the protein tubulin.

A. Microfilaments
B. Microtubules
C. Microfibers
D. Flagella

Answer 6

B. Microtubules

Question 7

Energy is required for carrier proteins to move solutes across the membrane against a concentration gradient.

A. Passive Transport
B. Active Transport
C. Hydrolysis
D. Kreb’s Cycle

Answer 7

B. Active Transport

Question 8

The reproductive cell division that occurs in the gonads (ovaries and testes), produces gametes in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.

A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Somatic
D. Cytokinesis

Answer 8

B. Meiosis

Question 9

This type of cell division replaces dead or injured cells and adds new ones during tissue growth.

A. Reproductive
B. Cytokinesis
C. Somatic
D. Germ

Answer 9

C. Somatic

Question 10

What is the Start codon in protein synthesis during translation?

A. UAC
B. UCG
C. UGA
D. AUG

Answer 10

D. AUG

Question 11

Oxidizes amino acids and fatty acids; detoxifies harmful substances, such as hydrogen peroxide and associated free radicals.

A. Lysosome
B. Proteasome
C. Peroxisome
D. Ribosomes

Answer 11

C. Peroxisome

Question 12

How many total chromosomes does a human cell usually have?

A. 48
B. 45
C. 46
D. 47

Answer 12

C. 46

Question 13

Cytoplasmic division; contractile ring forms cleavage furrow around center of cell, dividing cytoplasm into separate and equal portions

A. Anaphase
B. Telophase
C. Cytokinesis
D. Metaphase

Answer 13

C. Cytokinesis

Question 14

The solvent is water, which moves by osmosis across plasma membranes from an area of ____ water concentration to an area of ____ water concentration.

A. Low, High
B. High, High
C. High, Low
D. Low, Low

Answer 14

C. High, Low

Question 15

Considering the solute concentration: In osmosis, water moves through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of ____ solute concentration to an area of ____ solute concentration.

A. Low, High
B. High, High
C. High, Low
D. Low, Low

Answer 15

A. Low, High

Question 16

Chromatin fibers condense into paired chromatids; nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear; each centrosome moves to an opposite pole of the cell.

A. Anaphase
B. Metaphase
C. Prophase
D. Telophase

Answer 16

C. Prophase

Question 17

Oxygen molecules and sodium ions (Na+) are more concentrated in the extracellular fluid than in the cytosol.

A concentration gradient is a difference in the concentration of a chemical from one place to another.

A. Both True
B. True, False
C. Both False
D. False, True

Answer 17

A. Both True

Question 18

It synthesizes fatty acids and steroids, inactivates or detoxifies drugs, removes phosphate groups from glucose-6-phosphate, and stores and releases calcium ions in muscle cells.

A. Peroxisome
B. Lysosome
C. Rough ER
D. Smooth ER

Answer 18

D. Smooth ER

Question 19

10. Movement of a substance through a cell as a result of endocytosis on one side and exocytosis on the opposite side.

A. Transcytosis
B. Bulk-phase endocytosis
C. Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
D. Phagocytosis

Answer 19

A. Transcytosis

Question 20

“Cell drinking”; movement of extracellular fluid into a cell by infolding of plasma membrane to form a vesicle.

A. Phagocytosis
B. Bulk-phase endocytosis
C. Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
D. Exocytosis

Answer 20

B. Bulk-phase endocytosis

Question 21

Choose the correct answer:

i. Hypotonic: Water molecules enter the cells faster than they leave, causing the RBCs to swell.
ii.. Hypertonic: In such a solution, water molecules move out of the cells faster than they enter, causing the cells to burst.
iii. A solution’s tonicity is a measure of the solution’s ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content.
iv. Isotonic: The concentrations of solutes that cannot cross the plasma membrane are the same on both sides of the membrane in this solution.

A. i only
B. i and ii
C. i and iii
D. ii and iii
E. iv only

Answer 21

C. i and iii

Question 22

It is a programmed cell death. It first occurs during embryological development and continues throughout the lifetime of an organism.

A. Mitosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Exocytosis
D. Endocytosis

Answer 22

B. Apoptosis