Part 2 - Cell Structure

Question 1

What are the two major parts of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

The nucleus and the cytoplasm

Question 2

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

the portion of the cell outside the nucleus

Question 3

What is a organelle?

Answer 3

structures that act like specialized organs

Question 4

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 4

nearly all the cell’s DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules

Question 5

Does a prokaryotic cell have DNA?

Answer 5

Yes even though they don’t have a nucleus they still have DNA

Question 6

What surrounds the nucleus?

Answer 6

The nuclear envelope which is composed of 2 membranes and is dotted with nuclear pores to allow material in and out of the nucleus

Question 7

Where are the chromosomes normally found?

Answer 7

in the chromatin of the nucleus

Question 8

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 8

the small dense region of the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begin.

Question 9

What is a vacuoles?

Answer 9

large saclike membrane ended structure that stores materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 10

What are lysosomes?

Answer 10

small organelles filled with enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. They are also involved in breading down organelle that have outlived their usefulness.

Question 11

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 11

network of protein filaments that help the cell maintain its shape and is also involved in movement

Question 12

What are the 2 principal protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 12

the microfilaments and the microtubles

Question 13

What are microfilaments?

Answer 13

They are threadlike structures that are made up of a protein called actin. Help cells move, produce a tough flexible framework that supports the cell.

Question 14

What are microtubules?

Answer 14

They are hollow structures made up of a protein called tubulins, play critical roles in maintaining cell shapes, are important in cell division

Question 15

What are centrioles and what type of cells have them?

Answer 15

located near the nucleus that help organize cell division. In animal cells, but not plants

Question 16

What are the projections from the cell surface in the microtubules? and what do they do?

Answer 16

the cilia and the flagella; they enable cells to swim rapidly through liquid. arranged in a 9+2 pattern

Question 17

What is one of the most important jobs carried out in the cellular factory?

Answer 17

Making of proteins

Question 18

Where are proteins assembled?

Answer 18

On ribosomes

Question 19

What is a ribosome?

Answer 19

small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells

Question 20

What is the endoplasmic reticulum or ER?

Answer 20

is where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell.

Question 21

What is the portion of the ER involved in the synthesis of proteins

Answer 21

rough ER because of the ribosomes found on its surface.

Question 22

What proteins are made on the rough ER?

Answer 22

those that will be released, secreted from the cell as well as many other specialized locations within the cell.

Question 23

What is the smooth ER?

Answer 23

the portion of the ER that doesn’t have ribosomes on its surface

Question 24

What does smooth ER contain?

Answer 24

collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks.

Question 25

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 25

the stack of flattened membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.