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SSY180 - Medicin for the Engineer > Part 2 > Flashcards

Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which two arteries supply the brain with blood?

A
  1. Carotis interna - from aorta through the skull bone

2. Vertebralis - from the arm, passes the vertebrae and reach the brain through the spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the large vein in the neck called?

A

Jugularis

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3
Q

What does the PNS do?

A

It connects CNS to the limbs and the organs

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4
Q

Which types of nerves does the PNS contains of?

A
  1. Spinal nerves

2. Cranial nerves

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5
Q

The spinal nerves are of two type, which?

A
  1. Motoric - from the brain

2. Sensoric - to the brain

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6
Q

How many pair of spinal vs cranial nerve exists?

A

31 vs 12

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7
Q

Which part of the brain is “the boss” of ANS?

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

The ANS is divided in two parts, which?

A
  1. Sympathetic – fight-flight

2. Parasympathetic – energy saving and recharging, e.g. after a meal.

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9
Q

Which are the general senses (somatosensory)?

A
  1. Tactile
  2. Thermal
  3. Pain
  4. Proprioception
  5. Visceral
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10
Q

Which are the special senses?

A
  1. Taste
  2. Smell
  3. Vision
  4. Hearing
  5. Balance
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11
Q

Which 6 types of sensory receptors does the human have?

A
  1. Mechanoreceptors - Mechanical pressure, vibration, proprioception
  2. Thermoreceptors - Changes in temperature
  3. Nociceptors - Painreceptors, respond to physical or chemical damage to tissue
  4. Photoreceptors - Detect light that meets the retina of the eye
  5. Chemoreceptors - Detect chemicals in the mouth (taste), nose (smell) and body fluids.
  6. Osmoreceptors - Sense osmotic pressure in body fluids
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12
Q

Which type of fiber corresponds to slow vs fast pain?

A

C-fibers vs Adelta-fibers

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13
Q

What does adaption (regarding sensation) means?

A

Decrease in the strength of a sensation during a prolonged stimulus, ex. hot shower

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14
Q

What can be the reasons for myopia (nearsightedness)?

A
  1. The eye is too long

2. The lens too strong

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15
Q

Which type of lens do you need to have if you have myopia (nearsightedness)?

A

Concave

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16
Q

What can be the reasons for hyperopia (farsightedness)?

A
  1. The eye is too short

2. The lens is too weak

17
Q

Which type of lens do you need to have if you have hyperopia (farsightedness)?

A

Convex

18
Q

What is the hearing pathway?

A
  1. CNVIII
  2. Brainstem
  3. Auditory cortex (in temporal lobe)
19
Q

Which four cell types consist in epidermis?

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Langerhans’ cells
  4. Merkel cells
20
Q

Dermis contains two layers, which?

A
  1. Papillary layer

2. Reticular layer

21
Q

Which are the major skin cancer types?

A
  1. Basal cell carcinoma
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. Melanoma
22
Q

What is needed to Bioprint?

A
  1. 3D Bioprinter
  2. Bioink
  3. Cells
23
Q

How long is a normal pregancy?

A

40 weeks (280 days)

24
Q

What does gestational age means?

A

From date of last menstrual period (fertilization + 2 weeks)

25
Q

What does fertilization age means?

A

From date of conception

26
Q

What are the important events during a pregnancy?

A
  1. Fertilization
  2. Blastulation
  3. Implantation
  4. Gastrulation
  5. Embryonic folding
  6. Fetal period
  7. Birth
27
Q

Which are the stages of labor?

A
  1. Dilation stage
  2. Expulsion stage
  3. Placental stage
28
Q

The spinal nerve consists of two different roots, which?

A
  1. Ventral root - efferent (from CNS)

2. Dorsal root - afferent (to CNS)

29
Q

Which are the different types of hearing loss?

A
  1. Conductive loss - outer and middle ear
  2. Sensorineural loss - inner ear and auditory nerve
  3. Mixed loss - mix of conductive and sensorineural loss
  4. Central loss - nerve system of brain stem or brain
  5. Non-organic loss - no anatomical or physiological loss can be shown despite hearing loss
30
Q

When use an Air Conduction Hearing Aid?

A
  1. Sensorineural loss

2. Presbyacusis (age related loss)

31
Q

When use an Bone Conduction Hearing Aid?

A
  1. Conductive loss

2. Mixed loss

32
Q

Which five different types of hearing aids exists?

A
  1. Air conduction device (ACD)
  2. Bone conduction device (BCD)
  3. Middle ear implants (MEI)
  4. Cochlear implants (CI)
  5. Auditory brainstem implants (ABI)
33
Q

Which are two common dialysis methods?

A
  1. Hemodialysis

2. CAPD - Continous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

34
Q

Which are the main proteins in the protein buffer system?

A
  1. Hemoglobin - within the red blood cells

2. Albumin - in plasma

SSY180 - Medicin for the Engineer (1 decks)

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