Part 2 Flashcards
Anaphora
The repetition of a group of words at the beginning of successive clauses
Allusion
A reference in a written or spoken text to another text or to some particular body of knowledge
Antimetabole
The repetition of words in a successive clauses in reverse grammatical order-“You can take the boy out of the country, but you can’t take the country out of the boy.”
Antithesis
The juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas, often in parallel structure
Apology
An elaborate statement justifying some controversial, even contentious, position
Apostrophe
Type of soliloquy where nature is addressed as through human.
Appeal to authority
In a text, the reference to words, action, or beliefs of a person in authority as a means of supporting a claim, generalization, or conclusion
Argument
A carefully constructed, well-supported representation of how a writer sees an issue, problem, or subject
Assonance
The repetition of vowel sounds in the stressed syllables of two or more adjacent words
Begging of the question
The situation that results when a writer or speaker constructs an argument on an assumption that the audience does not accept
Casual relationship (cause and effect relationship)
“If X is the cause, then Y is the effect”, or “if Y is the effect, then X caused it”
Claim
The ultimate conclusion, generalization, or point that a syllogism or enthymeme expresses. The point, backed up by support, of an argument.
Complex sentence
A sentence with one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
Compound sentence
A sentence with two or more independent clauses
Conflict
The struggle of characters with themselves, w/ others or with the world around them
Connotation
The implied meaning of a word, in contrast to its directly expressed “dictionary meaning”
Context
The convergence of time, place, audience, and motivating factors in which a piece of writing or a speech is situated
Data
Facts, statistics, and examples that a speaker or writer offers in support of a claim, generalization, or claim
Denotation
The dictionary definition of a word, in contrast to its connotation, or implied meaning
Ellipsis
The omission of words, the meaning of which is provided by the over-all context of a pssage
Epistrophe
The repetition of a group of words at the end of successive clauses-“they saw no evil, they spoke no evil, and they heard no evil”
Epithet
A word or phrase adding characteristic to a person’s name- “Richard the Lion Hearted”
Euphemism
An indirect expression of unpleasant information in such a way as to lessen its impact- saying a person’s position eliminated than fired
Exordium
In ancient roman oratory, the intro of a speech, meant to draw the audience into the speech
Figurative language
Language dominated by the use of schemes and tropes
Generalization
A point that a speaker or writer generates on the basis of considering a number of particular examples
House analogy
Used to memorize their speeches, connecting the intro to the porch of the house, the narration and partition to the foyer, the confirmation and refutation to rooms connected to the foyer, and the occlusion to the back door.
Imagery
Language that evokes sensation or emotional intensity
Implied metaphor
A metaphor embedded in a sentence rather than expressed directly as a sentence
Inference
A conclusion that a reader or listener reaches by means of his or her own thinking rather than by direct statement in a text
Intention
The goal of a writer or speaker hopes to achieve with a text- also called aim and purpose
Irony
Writing or speaking that implies the contrary of what is actually written or spoken
Jargon
The specialize vocab of a particular group
Latinate diction
Vocab characterized by the choice of elaborate, often complicated words derived from latin roots
Litotes
Understatement-ex “Her performance ran the gamut of emotion from A to B”
Logos
The appeal of a text based on the logical structure of its argument or central ideas
Metonymy
An entity referred to by one of its attributes of associates
Mnemonic device
A systematic aid to memory
Oxymoron
Juxtaposed words w/ seemingly contradictory meanings “jumbo shrimp”
Paradox
A statement that seems untrue on the surface but it’s true nevertheless
Parenthesis
An insertion of material that interrupts the typical flow of a sentence
Pathos
The appeal of a text to the emotions or interests of the audience
Pentad
Kenneth Burke’s system for analyzing motives and actions in communication. 5 points are- act, agent, agency, scene, and purpose
Periphrasis
The substitution of an attributive word or phrase for a proper, or use of a proper name to suggest a personality characteristic
Peroration
Part of speech in which a speaker wld draw together the entire argument and include material designed to compel the audience to think or act in a way consonant with the central argument
Persona
The character that a writer or speaker conveys to the audience; the plural is personae. Voice, tone, attitude, diction, and effect
Personification
The giving of human characteristics to inanimate objects
Recursive
Referring to the moving back and forth from invention to revision in the process of writing
Refutation
The part of speech in which the speaker would anticipate objections to the points being raised and counter them
Rhetoric
The art of analyzing all the choices involving language that a writer, speaker, reader or listener might make in a situation so the txt becomes meaningful, purposeful, and effective for readers or listeners in a situation
Simile
A type of comparison that uses the word like or as
Stance
A writers or speakers apparent attitude toward the audience
Style
The choices that writers or speakers make in language for effect
Synecdoche
A part of something used to refer to the whole “50 head of cattle”
Zeugma
A trope in which one word , usually a noun or the main verb, governs 2 others words not related in meaning
