Part 2 Flashcards
The Budapest Convention on Cyber Crime provided the four general types of cybercrime:
• Offenses against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems,
• Computer-related offenses
• Content-related offenses
• Copyright-related offenses
when someone gains access to a website, program, server, service, or other system using someone else’s account.
Unauthorized Access
Any attempt to intrude into a computer or a network without authorization. This involves changing of system or security features in a bid to accomplish a goal that differs from the intended purpose of the system.
Hacking
It can also refer to non-malicious activities, usually involving unusual or improvised alterations to equipment or processes.
Hacking
An individual who involves themselves in hacking activities is known as?
Hacker
It can be described as gaining unauthorized access to a computer system by improper means.
Hacking
It can be describes as gaining access to a computer system using usual means of access but without consent.
Unauthorized Access
What are the various kinds of hackers?
White hats
Black hat hackers
Gray hat hackers
General classification of Cybercrime
Unauthorized access
Hacking
Cracking
Cyber fraud
White hats is also known as?
Ethical hackers
Criminal by definition
Black hat hackers
They belong to neutral zone
Gray hat hackers
They strive to operate in the publics best interest, rather than to create turmoil.
White hats
Many _________ work doing penetration, to attempt to break into the company’s networks to find and report on security vulnerabilities.
White hats
this kind of hackers, hack to take control over the system for personal gains. They destroy, steal and even prevent authorized users from accessing the system
Black hat hackers
They act in the middle ground between white hat hackers, who operate on behalf of those maintaining secure systems, and sometimes act as black hat hackers who act maliciously to exploit vulnerabilities in systems.
Gray hat hackers
It means breaking into a network; bypasses passwords or licenses in computer programs; or in other ways intentionally breaches computer security.
Cracking
They also act as Black Hats by gaining access to the accounts of people maliciously and misusing this information across networks.
Crackers
It is the process of intruding computer systems without authorization in order to gain access to them, for good or bad purposes
Hacking
It is breaking into the security system for criminal and illegal reasons or for personal gains only.
cracking
Common types of Cracking
Software cracking
Network cracking
Password cracking
- It is done to remove paid software requirements or pop-up purchase reminders so that people can access the software for free. “Cracked” software is a paid program that has had its copy protections removed.
Software cracking
It is the act of infiltrating a local area network (LAN). Sometimes referred to as web cracking or wired equivalent privacy (WEP) cracking, this usually involves accessing poorly secure networks.
Network cracking
It is the act of stealing people’s passwords from databases.
Password cracking
the crime is committed via a computer and internet with the intent to corrupt another individual’s personal and financial information stored online from people illegally by deceiving them.
Cyber Fraud
It is a type of scam in which criminals attempt to obtain someone’s personal information by pretending to be a legitimate source.
Spoofing or Phishing
Forms of Spoofing or Phishing
Email spoofing
Text message spoofing
URL spoofing
It is a technique used in spam and phishing attacks to trick users into thinking a message came from a person or entity they either know or can trust.
Email spoofing
In this spoofing the sender forges email headers so that client software displays the fraudulent sender address, which most users take at face value.
Email spoofing
Sometimes referred to as smishing.
Text Message Spoofing
This type of spoofing may appear to come from a legitimate source, such as your bank. It may request that you call a certain phone number or click on a link within the message, with the goal of getting you to divulge personal information.
Text message spoofing
This happens when scammers set up a fraudulent website to obtain information from victims or to install malware on their computers.
URL Spoofing
This are false reports about non-existent viruses, often claiming to do impossible things like blow up the recipient’s computer and set it on fire, or less sensationally, delete everything on the user’s computer.
Virus hoaxes
The most common form of spoofing
URL Spoofing
It is the unauthorized use of a credit or debit card, or similar payment tool to fraudulently obtain money or property. Credit and debit card numbers can be stolen from unsecured websites or can be obtained in an identity theft scheme.
Credit card fraud
It is the scheme of obtaining the personal, financial information or other information of another person to use their identity to commit fraud or other illegal activities.
Identity theft
Unauthorized use of Internet hours paid for by another person.
Theft of Internet Hours
It refers to unlawful attacks and threats of attacks against computers, networks and the information stored therein when done to intimidate or coerce a government or its people in furtherance of political or social objectives.
Cyber Terrorism
It is the act of using cyberspace to create, display, distribute, import, or publish pornography or obscene materials, especially materials depicting children engaged in sexual acts with adults.
Cyber Pornography
It is a term used when someone has posted or emailed something that is untrue and damaging about someone else on the social media, including blogs, chat rooms, personal websites, social media, social networking sites, or other published articles.
Cyber-libel or cyber defamation
Cyber defamation is also called as?
Cyber smearing
It refers to the use of the Internet, e-mail, or other electronic communications device to stalk and later on harass another person.
Cyber-stalking
This is not punishable under RA 10175 but in RA 10627 the anti bullying act of 2013
Cyber stalking
This is accomplish by flooding the target with traffic, or sending many information that triggers a crash on someone’s computer or computer network.
Denial of Service attacks- DoS
This occurs when multiple systems flood the bandwidth or resources of a targeted system, usually one or more web servers.
Distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack) -
It is a technique by which cyber-criminals steal money or resources a bit at a time so that it will be remain unnoticeable.
Salami Slicing Attack
Salami Slicing Attack is also known as?
Salami fraud
It is a common cyberattack where malware executes unauthorized actions on the victim’s computer system.
Malware attack
This encompasses many specific types of attacks like infecting computers.
malicious software
What are the common types of Malwares?
Adware
Ransomware
Rootkit
Trojan horse
Virus
Worm
It is a type of malware that automatically delivers advertisements.
Adware – (Advertising-supported software)
It is a malicious software that infects your computer and displays messages demanding a fee to be paid in order for your system to work again.
Ransomware
a type of malicious software designed to remotely access or control a computer without being detected by users or security programs.
Rootkit
Once this malware has been installed it is possible for the malicious party behind the ____ to remotely execute files, access/steal information.
Rootkit
It can modify system configurations, alter software.
Rootkit
It is a type of malware that disguises itself as a normal file or program to trick users into downloading and installing malware.
Trojan Horse
Trojan horse commonly known as a _____
Trojan
This can give a malicious party remote access to an infected computer. Once an attacker has access to an infected computer, it is possible for the attacker to steal data.
Trojan
This are designed to damage the target computer or device by corrupting data, reformatting your hard disk, or completely shutting down your system.
Virus
It is a type of malware that spreads copies of itself from computer to computer.
worm
It can replicate itself without any human interaction, and it does not need to attach itself to a software program in order to cause damage.
worm
Love bug virus to a considered as ______
Worm
What are some preventive measures against cybercrimes?
- Keep software and operating system updated
- Use anti-virus software and keep it updated
- Use strong passwords
- Never open attachments in spam emails
- Hands typing on laptop keyboard
- Do not give out personal information unless secure
- Contact companies directly about suspicious requests
- Be mindful of which website URLs you visit
- Keep an eye on your bank statements
Network of computer operated by single person
Botnet
URL stand for
Uniform Resource Locator
HTTPS stands for
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
Instances to know if you are on a safe website
-There is a lock symbol
- https not http
This was the first international treaty/agreement
Budapest convention of cybercrime 2001
During this convention they crafted or created a guidelines to become basis in every country when developing laws in terms of penalizing/combating cyber crime offenses.
Budapest convention of cybercrime 2001
It is a type of software or hardware that records every keystroke made on a computer or mobile device.
Keylogger
