Part 2

Question 1

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 1

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital lobes; corresponds to the bones of the braincase which bear the same name

Question 2

What are the specialized areas of the cortex?

Answer 2

Neurons of common function are localized together in areas of the cortex

Gustatory cortex - taste
Visual association and primary visual cortex - vision
Wernicke’s area, auditory association area, primary auditory cortex - hearing

Question 3

What is the cortex composed of?

Answer 3

Gray matter; folds are unique to the individual
= cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals

generates conscious experience
- sensory sensation and perception
- thinking, problem solving, judgement, logic
- forms intentions
- emotions

Question 4

What is the cerebrum?

Answer 4

Two hemispheres that are separated by longitudinal fissures

consists of:
1. thin outer layer of gray matter = cerebral cortex
2. deeper white matter = deeper to the neural cortex
3. located deep in white matter: basal nuclei (nuclei: clusters of neuron cell bodies in CNS)

Question 5

What are basal nuclei?

Answer 5

Clusters of gray matter that lie deep within the white matter

• consist of caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus
• plays a role in planning voluntary movement, and sends their signals to the primary motor cortex via the thalamus
• play a role in inhibiting unnecessary movement and antagonist muscles
• subconscious control of skeletal muscle tone
• coordination of learned movements, generates rhythm, and body positioning
• linked to speed and accuracy of voluntary movements

Question 6

What happens if the substantia nigra is destroyed?

Answer 6

Controls the basal nuclei and occurs in Parkinson’s disease
- inability to initiate voluntary movements and tremors