Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

an involuntary reaction in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the CNS.

A

Reflexes

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2
Q

neuronal pathway by which relex occurs.

A

Reflex Arc

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3
Q

involves synapses of two or more neurons.

A

polysynaptic reflex

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4
Q

two or more neurons synapse with the same
postsynaptic neuron.

A

Converging Pathway

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5
Q

the axon from one neuron divides and synapses
with more than one other postsynaptic neuron

A

Diverging Pathway

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6
Q

We are unaware of much of the input, but it is vital to our survival.

A

Sensory Functions

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7
Q

Under the sensory functions are the:

A

⚬ Ascending Tracts
⚬ Sensory Areas of the Cerebral Cortex

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8
Q

project to specific regions of the cerebral cortex_____ where sensations are perceived.

A

primary sensory areas

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9
Q

located in the parietal lobe posterior to the central sulcus.

A

primary somatic sensory cortex

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10
Q

in the occipital lobe

A

visual cortex

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11
Q

in the temporal lobe

A

primary auditory cortex

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12
Q

in the insula.

A

taste area

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13
Q

include involuntary and voluntary movements.

A

Somatic Motor Functions

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14
Q

posterior portion of the frontal lobe, directly anterior to the central sulcus

A

primary motor cortex

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15
Q

where motor functions are organized before they are actually initiated in the primary motor cortex

A

premotor area

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16
Q

foresight to plan and initiate movements occur in the anterior portion of the frontal lobes, called the____

A

pre-frontal area

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17
Q

project directly from upper motor neurons in the
cerebral cortex to lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem;

A

Descending Tracts

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18
Q

help plan, organize, and coordinate motor movements and posture.

A

Basal nuclei

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19
Q

involved in balance, muscle tone, and muscle
coordination.

A

Cerebellum

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20
Q

receives sensory input from and controls
muscular activity in the left half of the body

A

Right cerebral hemisphere

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21
Q

receives sensory input from and controls
muscular activity in the right half of the body

A

Left cerebral hemisphere

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22
Q

connection between two hemisphere.

A

Commissures

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23
Q

The largest commissure is the

A

corpus callosum

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24
Q

The crossing of the right and left corticospinal tract

A

Decussation

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25
located in the parietal lobe. Responsible for understanding speech
Sensory speech (Wernicke’s) area
26
located in the frontal lobe. Responsible for producing speech.
Motor (Broca’s) speech area
27
Damage to these parts of the brain or to associated brain regions may result in _____
aphasia
28
a recording device which records brain’s electrical activity.
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
29
Delta wave
sleep
30
Theta wave
Frustration
31
Alpha wave
present when awake & relaxed
32
Beta wave
intense activity & awake
33
Can be divided into three stages of memory:
Working Memory, Short-term Memory, Long-term Memory
34
lasts only a few second to minutes
Working Memory
35
can be retained for few minutes to few days
Short-term Memory
36
can be retained permanently.
Long-term Memory
37
Has two (2) subdivisions:
•Declarative •Procedural
38
The olfactory cortex and certain deep cortical regions and nuclei of the cerebrum and the diencephalon are grouped together under the title limbic system.
Emotions
39
There are _______ of cranial nerves
12 pairs
40
Designated by ________
Roman numerals (I-XII)
41
special senses, such as vision, and the more general senses, such as touch and pain in the face
Sensory
42
somatic motor and parasympathetic
Motor
43
CN 1
Olfactory
44
Cn 2
Optic
45
CN 3
Oculomotor
46
CN 4
Trochlear
47
CN 5
Trigeminal
48
CN 6
Abducens
49
Cn 7
Facial
50
CN 8
Vestibulocochlear
51
CN 9
Glossopharyngeal
52
CN 10
Vagus
53
CN 11
Accessory
54
CN 12
Hypoglossal
55
innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. _______ functions are largely controlled unconsciously.
Autonomic Nervous System
56
In ANS, two neurons in series extend from the CNS to the effectors
⚬ Pre-ganglionic neuron ⚬ Pos-ganglionic neuron
57
Further, the ANS is composed of two divisions
⚬ Sympathetic Division ⚬ Parasympathetic division
58
is located near the spinal cord.
ganglia
59
• Fight or flight responses • Increases heart rate, respiratory rate, glucose, pupil dilation
Sympathetic Division
60
• Rest and Digest • SLUDD: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation and Digestion
Parasympathetic Division