Part 2 Flashcards
What are common disorders in adolescents
- Bipolar disorder
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Social anxiety disorder
- Phobias
- Depression and anxiety
- Eating Disorders
- Substances abuse
- Attention deflect hyper active disorders
9.Conduct Disorder - Oppositional defiant disorder
What other challenges interfere with mental health in adolescents
sexual abuse
bullying (cyber-bullying and online harassment),
peer pressure,
academic stress,
body image (self-esteem),
relationship issues (with peers and parents) sexuality issues,
parenting styles
parental relationship & conflict
mental health stigma
substance use
health factors
trauma
violence
societal influence - media and technology and socioeconomic status
Cultural issues - identity and belonging and discrimination ad prejudice.
What is adolescent sexuality
it is the development and expression of sexual feelings, identity and behaviors during adolescence.
What are the key aspects of adolescent sexuality
- Biological Changes: Puberty and Sexual Desire.
- Psychological Development: Identity Formation and Emotional Relationships
- Social Influences: Peer Influence and Media and Technology
- Cultural and Ethical Contexts: Cultural Norms and Ethical Considerations.
- Sexual Health: Education and Healthcare Access.
What are the signs of bullying in adolescents
Unexplained injuries or bruises
Torn or damaged clothing or belongings
Reluctance or fear of going to school or participating in activities
Sudden decline in academic performance
Changes in eating or sleeping patterns
Withdrawal from friends and family
Increased anxiety or depression
Low self-esteem and self-worth
Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities
Avoidance of social situations or isolation
Frequent complaints of headaches or stomachaches
What are the signs of sexual abuse in adolescents
Difficulty walking or sitting
Unexplained injuries or bleeding in genital areas
STIs or pregnancy, especially at a young age
Regression to earlier behaviors (e.g., bedwetting)
Avoidance of certain people or places
Knowledge or interest in sexual acts inappropriate for their age
Sudden changes in mood or personality
Depression, anxiety, or PTSD symptoms
Feelings of shame or guilt
Withdrawal from friends and family
Sudden drop in academic performance
Substance abuse or self-harm
What are the signs of depression in adolescents
Emotional Symptoms:
Persistent sadness or hopelessness
Irritability or anger
Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
Behavioral Changes:
Withdrawal from friends, family, and activities
Changes in sleep patterns (insomnia or excessive sleeping)
Changes in appetite or weight
Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
Cognitive Symptoms:
Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
Decline in academic performance
Thoughts of death or suicide
Physical Symptoms:
Fatigue or lack of energy
Physical complaints (e.g., headaches, stomachaches) without a clear cause
What are the signs of anxiety in adolescents
Emotional Symptoms:
Excessive worry or fear
Restlessness or feeling on edge
Irritability or anger
Behavioral Changes:
Avoidance of social situations or activities
Compulsive behaviors or rituals
Difficulty participating in school or extracurricular activities
Physical Symptoms:
Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
Sweating, trembling, or shaking
Shortness of breath or chest pain
Frequent headaches or stomachaches
Cognitive Symptoms:
Difficulty concentrating or focusing
Overthinking or catastrophizing
Trouble sleeping or frequent nightmares
What are some human development theories
Freud’s Psycho-Sexual Stages of development
Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development
Cognitive development theory (Jean Piaget)
Moral development theory (Lawrence Kohlberg)
Ecological systems theory (Urie Bronfenbrenner)
Attachment theory (John Bowlby)
Adolescent egocentrism (David Elkind)
What are the causes of parent teen conflicts
Developmental Changes-Adolescents seek independence and autonomy, which can clash with parental control and expectations.
Differing views on responsibilities and privileges as teens mature.
Communication Gaps-Misunderstandings due to different communication styles or lack of open dialogue.
Parents and teens may have difficulty expressing themselves effectively or listening to each other.
Cultural and Generational Differences-Conflicts arise from differences in values, beliefs, and cultural expectations between parents and adolescents.
Generational gaps in attitudes towards technology, social norms, and lifestyle choices.
Academic and Social Pressures-Stress related to school performance, extracurricular activities, and social relationships can lead to conflicts.
Parents may have high expectations or different priorities than their teens.
Behavioral Issues-Adolescents engaging in risky or inappropriate behaviors (e.g., substance use, breaking curfew) can create tension.
Parental discipline and rules may be challenged or resisted by the teen.
Identity and Role Conflicts-Adolescents exploring their identity (e.g., gender, sexual orientation) may face conflicts with parents who have different views.
Role changes within the family (e.g., parental separation, new siblings) can cause stress and disagreements.
What is the fundamental idea behind Freud’s psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis is built on the notion that an individual is motivated by unseen forces controlled by the conscious and rational thoughts.
What are the three levels of mind according to Freud?
The three levels of mind are:
a) The preconscious - anything that could potentially be brought into the conscious mind.
b) The conscious mind - all thoughts, memories, feelings, and wishes that an individual is aware of at any given moment.
c) The unconscious - a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories outside our conscious awareness.
How does the unconscious mind influence behavior?
The unconscious mind continues to influence individual behavior and experiences even though the individual is not aware of the underlying influence, including repressed feelings, hidden memories, habits, thoughts, desires, and reactions.
What are the three parts of personality according to Freud and their roles?
ID: Pleasure-seeking
Ego: Reality check or reality principles
Super Ego: Source of moral anxiety, containing both the ego ideal and conscience
What are the psychosexual stages of development
Old, Age, Parrots, Love, Grapes.
1. Oral - 0 to 1yr - mouth - feeding - conflict could occur through weaning - oral fixations through smoking, nail biting, overeating
2. Anal - 1 to 3 yrs - anus - toilet training - anal retentive and expulsive fixation lead to orderliness & messiness
3. Phallic - 3 to 6 yrs - Genitals - Oedipus/Electra complex resolved through identification with mum/dad - fixation leads to sexual dysfunction
4. Latency - 6 to 12 years - education, hobbies, friendship and sports, structure of personality has been formed, development of social and intellectual skills and to the enjoyment of recreational activities, form friendships with members of the same sex - Fixation leads to feelings of inadequacy, and inferiority in establishing social relationships, relating to learning, conflicts over values, lack of initiative and dependency.
5. Genital - 12 and up - Genitals - Sexual maturity - Mentally healthy.
