Part 2 Flashcards
What starts out as small as venules and come larger as they near the base of the neck on their way to the heart
Veins
Are veins usually more symmetrically located?
Yes
Which are generally more numerous, veins or arteries?
Veins
Do all veins have valves?
No, most but not all.
What vein drains the brain as well as most of the otther tissues of the head and neck?
Internal jugular vein
What vein drains only a small portion of the extracranial tissues?
External jugular vein
Both the internal and external jugular veins may have many
Anastomoses
Facial vein drains into
Internal jugular vein
Which veins join together to form the facial vein at the medial canthus?
Supratrochlear vein & supraorbital veins
The supraorabital veins also anastomoses with the
Opthalmic vein
Ophthalmic vein drains tissue of the
Orbit
Ophthalmic vein provides communication with the
Cavernous venus sinus
The spread of dental infection may cause the cavernous venous sinus to
Become fatally infected
The facial vein has tributaries fro the same areas of the face that are supplied by
The facial artery
Before joining the internal jugular vein, the facial vein anastomoses with the pterygoid plexus and the
Retromandibular vein
What are the facial vein branches?
- Superior labial vein
- Inferior labial vein
- Submental vein
The superior labial vein drains
The upper lip
The Inferior labial vein drains
The lower lip
The submental vein drains
The chin & submandibular region
What are the lingual vein branches?
- Dorsal lingual veins
- Deep lingual veins
- Sublingual veins
Which of the lingual vein branches are highly visible?
Deep lingual veins
The dorsal lingual veins drain
The dorsal surface of the tongue
The deep lingual veins drain
The ventral surface of the tongue
The sublingual veins drain
The floor of the mouth
What is venous variability?
The lingual veins may join to form a single vessel or may enter into larger vessels separately.
Can the pathways of venous variabilty vary from person to person?
Yes
Which vein emerges from the parotid gland and travels inferiorly?
Retromandibular vein
The retromanibular vein is fromed by the merger of
The superficial temporal and maxillary vein
The retromandibular vein also meets up with which vein from the posterior portion?
Posterior auricular vein
The retromandibular vein divides into what regions?
Anterior and posterior divisions
Anterior division of the retromandibular vein joined the facial vein and drains into
The interal jugular vein
Posterior division of the retromandibular vein travels downward along the sternocleidomastoid muscle and is joined by the posterior auricular vein which drains into
The external jugular vein
Which vein drains the lateral scalp?
Superficial Temporal Vein
How does the superficial temporal vein drain the lateral scalp?
Drains into and forms the retromandibular vein also with the maxillary vein
Is the superficial temporal vein deeper than the maxillary vein?
No
Where does the maxillary vein begin?
In the infatemporal fossa
The maxillary vein collects blood from
The pterygoid plexis near the maxillary artery
Drainage: At pterygoid plexus the maxillary vein receives blood from the:
- Middle meningeal
- Posterior superior alveolar vein
- Inferior alveolar vein
- Other veins from the nose and palate
The maxillary vein merges with the superficial temporal vein to drain into and form the
Retromandibular vein
What is the pterygoid plexus of veins?
Collection of small anastomosing vessels located around the pterygoid muscle and surrounding maxillary artery.
The pterygoid plexus anastomses with both the facial and
Retromandibular veins
The pterygoid plexus protects the maxillary artery from
Being compressed during masication
Where is the pterygoid plexus located?
In the infratemporal fossa
The pterygoid plexus drains veins from
- deep portions of the face
- meninges of brain via middle meningeal vein
The pterygoid plexus drains into
The maxillary vein which then drains into the retromandibular vein
Clinical considerations of the pterygoid plexus (PP)
- Some portions of the PP are near the maxillary tuberosity and drain dental tissues into the plexus
- If over-inserting a needing during Post Sup Alv Block, a hematoma can results because the PP may be pierced
- Infection along the needle tract deep into the tissues can allow infection from the mouth into the cavernous venous sinus
What vein drains the dental branches of the maxillary teeth?
Posterior Superior Alveolar Vein
What vein drains the alveolar branches of the maxillary periodontium?
Posterior Superior Alveolar Vein
What vein drains the dental branches of the mandibular teeth?
Inferior Alveolar Vein
What vein drains the alveolar branches of the mandibular periodontium?
Inferior Alveolar Vein
What vein drains the chin and outer mandible?
Mental Vein
Where are the venous sinuses located?
On each side of the body of the sphenoid bone
Where are venous sinuses in the brain located?
In the meninges, specifically in the dura mater
What is the function of the venous sinuses?
Blood is conveyed through it’s channels from cerebral veins to neck veins
Why do hygienists care about venous sinuses?
It may be involved in the spread of dental infection that can be fatal
Each cavernous sinus communicates with
- The sinus on the other side
- Pterygoid plexus
- Ophthalmic vein
What is a cavernous venous thrombosis?
A blood clot in the cavernous sinus
What is the cause of cavernous venous thrombosis?
Ususally a bacterial infection that has spread from the sinuses, teeth, ears, eyes, nose, or skin of the face
True or False: Persons with increased risk of blood clots may also develop cavernous sinus thrombosis?
True
What are the symptoms of cavernous venous thrombosis?
- Bulging eyeballs
- Cannot move the eye in a particular direction
- Drooping eyelids
- Headaches
- Vision loss
What is the treatment of cavernous venous thrombosis?
High dose IV antibiotics and possibly surgery to drain the infection
What vein drains the brain and most of the tissues of the head and neck?
Internal Jugular Vein
Where does the internal jugular vein originate?
In the cranial cavity
Where does the interal jugular vein exit the skull?
Through the jugular foramen
What travels in the carotid sheath?
The internal jugular vein
Where does the internal jugular vein terminate/merge?
At the subclavian vein
A deep cervical group of __________ form a chain along the internal jugular vein
Lymph nodes
Internal jugular vein tributaries
- Facial vein and its branches
- Lingual vein and its branches
- Sublingual vein
- Pharyngeal vein
- Descends in the neck to merge with subclavian vein
Where does the external jugular vein extend?
Down the neck
Is the internal jugular vein smaller or larger than the external jugular vein?
Larger
External jugular vein drains
The posterior & side of the head (superficial)
External jugular vein terminates into
The subclavian vein
Does the external jugular vein cross the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Yes
Where does the anterior jugular vein begin?
Below the chin
How many venous variabilities does the anterior jugular vein have?
One or two
What does the anterior jugular vein drain?
Anterior portion of the neck
Where does the anterior jugular vein drain?
Into the external jugular vein or directly into the subclavian vein
