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Vascular System > Part 2 > Flashcards

Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What starts out as small as venules and come larger as they near the base of the neck on their way to the heart

A

Veins

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2
Q

Are veins usually more symmetrically located?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Which are generally more numerous, veins or arteries?

A

Veins

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4
Q

Do all veins have valves?

A

No, most but not all.

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5
Q

What vein drains the brain as well as most of the otther tissues of the head and neck?

A

Internal jugular vein

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6
Q

What vein drains only a small portion of the extracranial tissues?

A

External jugular vein

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7
Q

Both the internal and external jugular veins may have many

A

Anastomoses

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8
Q

Facial vein drains into

A

Internal jugular vein

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9
Q

Which veins join together to form the facial vein at the medial canthus?

A

Supratrochlear vein & supraorbital veins

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10
Q

The supraorabital veins also anastomoses with the

A

Opthalmic vein

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11
Q

Ophthalmic vein drains tissue of the

A

Orbit

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12
Q

Ophthalmic vein provides communication with the

A

Cavernous venus sinus

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13
Q

The spread of dental infection may cause the cavernous venous sinus to

A

Become fatally infected

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14
Q

The facial vein has tributaries fro the same areas of the face that are supplied by

A

The facial artery

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15
Q

Before joining the internal jugular vein, the facial vein anastomoses with the pterygoid plexus and the

A

Retromandibular vein

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16
Q

What are the facial vein branches?

A
  • Superior labial vein
  • Inferior labial vein
  • Submental vein
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17
Q

The superior labial vein drains

A

The upper lip

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18
Q

The Inferior labial vein drains

A

The lower lip

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19
Q

The submental vein drains

A

The chin & submandibular region

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20
Q

What are the lingual vein branches?

A
  • Dorsal lingual veins
  • Deep lingual veins
  • Sublingual veins
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21
Q

Which of the lingual vein branches are highly visible?

A

Deep lingual veins

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22
Q

The dorsal lingual veins drain

A

The dorsal surface of the tongue

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23
Q

The deep lingual veins drain

A

The ventral surface of the tongue

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24
Q

The sublingual veins drain

A

The floor of the mouth

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25
Q

What is venous variability?

A

The lingual veins may join to form a single vessel or may enter into larger vessels separately.

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26
Q

Can the pathways of venous variabilty vary from person to person?

A

Yes

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27
Q

Which vein emerges from the parotid gland and travels inferiorly?

A

Retromandibular vein

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28
Q

The retromanibular vein is fromed by the merger of

A

The superficial temporal and maxillary vein

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29
Q

The retromandibular vein also meets up with which vein from the posterior portion?

A

Posterior auricular vein

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30
Q

The retromandibular vein divides into what regions?

A

Anterior and posterior divisions

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31
Q

Anterior division of the retromandibular vein joined the facial vein and drains into

A

The interal jugular vein

32
Q

Posterior division of the retromandibular vein travels downward along the sternocleidomastoid muscle and is joined by the posterior auricular vein which drains into

A

The external jugular vein

33
Q

Which vein drains the lateral scalp?

A

Superficial Temporal Vein

34
Q

How does the superficial temporal vein drain the lateral scalp?

A

Drains into and forms the retromandibular vein also with the maxillary vein

35
Q

Is the superficial temporal vein deeper than the maxillary vein?

A

No

36
Q

Where does the maxillary vein begin?

A

In the infatemporal fossa

37
Q

The maxillary vein collects blood from

A

The pterygoid plexis near the maxillary artery

38
Q

Drainage: At pterygoid plexus the maxillary vein receives blood from the:

A
  • Middle meningeal
  • Posterior superior alveolar vein
  • Inferior alveolar vein
  • Other veins from the nose and palate
39
Q

The maxillary vein merges with the superficial temporal vein to drain into and form the

A

Retromandibular vein

40
Q

What is the pterygoid plexus of veins?

A

Collection of small anastomosing vessels located around the pterygoid muscle and surrounding maxillary artery.

41
Q

The pterygoid plexus anastomses with both the facial and

A

Retromandibular veins

42
Q

The pterygoid plexus protects the maxillary artery from

A

Being compressed during masication

43
Q

Where is the pterygoid plexus located?

A

In the infratemporal fossa

44
Q

The pterygoid plexus drains veins from

A
  • deep portions of the face
  • meninges of brain via middle meningeal vein
45
Q

The pterygoid plexus drains into

A

The maxillary vein which then drains into the retromandibular vein

46
Q

Clinical considerations of the pterygoid plexus (PP)

A
  • Some portions of the PP are near the maxillary tuberosity and drain dental tissues into the plexus
  • If over-inserting a needing during Post Sup Alv Block, a hematoma can results because the PP may be pierced
  • Infection along the needle tract deep into the tissues can allow infection from the mouth into the cavernous venous sinus
47
Q

What vein drains the dental branches of the maxillary teeth?

A

Posterior Superior Alveolar Vein

48
Q

What vein drains the alveolar branches of the maxillary periodontium?

A

Posterior Superior Alveolar Vein

49
Q

What vein drains the dental branches of the mandibular teeth?

A

Inferior Alveolar Vein

50
Q

What vein drains the alveolar branches of the mandibular periodontium?

A

Inferior Alveolar Vein

51
Q

What vein drains the chin and outer mandible?

A

Mental Vein

52
Q

Where are the venous sinuses located?

A

On each side of the body of the sphenoid bone

53
Q

Where are venous sinuses in the brain located?

A

In the meninges, specifically in the dura mater

54
Q

What is the function of the venous sinuses?

A

Blood is conveyed through it’s channels from cerebral veins to neck veins

55
Q

Why do hygienists care about venous sinuses?

A

It may be involved in the spread of dental infection that can be fatal

56
Q

Each cavernous sinus communicates with

A
  • The sinus on the other side
  • Pterygoid plexus
  • Ophthalmic vein
57
Q

What is a cavernous venous thrombosis?

A

A blood clot in the cavernous sinus

58
Q

What is the cause of cavernous venous thrombosis?

A

Ususally a bacterial infection that has spread from the sinuses, teeth, ears, eyes, nose, or skin of the face

59
Q

True or False: Persons with increased risk of blood clots may also develop cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

True

60
Q

What are the symptoms of cavernous venous thrombosis?

A
  • Bulging eyeballs
  • Cannot move the eye in a particular direction
  • Drooping eyelids
  • Headaches
  • Vision loss
61
Q

What is the treatment of cavernous venous thrombosis?

A

High dose IV antibiotics and possibly surgery to drain the infection

62
Q

What vein drains the brain and most of the tissues of the head and neck?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

63
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein originate?

A

In the cranial cavity

64
Q

Where does the interal jugular vein exit the skull?

A

Through the jugular foramen

65
Q

What travels in the carotid sheath?

A

The internal jugular vein

66
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein terminate/merge?

A

At the subclavian vein

67
Q

A deep cervical group of __________ form a chain along the internal jugular vein

A

Lymph nodes

68
Q

Internal jugular vein tributaries

A
  • Facial vein and its branches
  • Lingual vein and its branches
  • Sublingual vein
  • Pharyngeal vein
  • Descends in the neck to merge with subclavian vein
69
Q

Where does the external jugular vein extend?

A

Down the neck

70
Q

Is the internal jugular vein smaller or larger than the external jugular vein?

A

Larger

71
Q

External jugular vein drains

A

The posterior & side of the head (superficial)

72
Q

External jugular vein terminates into

A

The subclavian vein

73
Q

Does the external jugular vein cross the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Yes

74
Q

Where does the anterior jugular vein begin?

A

Below the chin

75
Q

How many venous variabilities does the anterior jugular vein have?

A

One or two

76
Q

What does the anterior jugular vein drain?

A

Anterior portion of the neck

77
Q

Where does the anterior jugular vein drain?

A

Into the external jugular vein or directly into the subclavian vein

Vascular System (3 decks)

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