Part 2 Flashcards
is the recognition of an individual determine, by characteristics which distinguish that individual from all others.
Identification
Methods of identification:
By comparison
By exclusion
Identification criteria recovered during investigation are compared with records available in the file, or postmortem finding are compared with ante-mortem records.
By comparison
If two or more persons have identified and all but one is not yet identified, then the one whose identity has not been established may be known by the process of elimination.
By exclusion
This may easily be shaved or grown within a short time. Arrangement may be changed artificial
hair may be worn or ornamentation may be placed to change its natural condition.
Growth of hair, beard or mustache
A person may have special preference for certain form, texture, or style.
Clothing
A person may have a special desire or habit to be in a place if ever he has the opportunity to do so.
Frequent place of visit
A change of grade, trade, vocation or profession may be resorted to as a means of concealing identity.
Grade of profession
Earrings, necklaces, rings, pins, etc. Usually worn by persons may be points to identify a person from the rest.
Body ornamentations
A recollection of time, place and events may be a clue in identification.
Mental memory
A person may stammer, stutter or lisp. However, if the manner of talking is due to some physical defects, like harelip and cleft palate, that have been corrected by surgery, there may be a change in his
manner of speech.
Speech
It refers to the manner of walking and it may show in some person on account of disease or some inborn traits.
Gait
A gait in which the foot is raised high, thrown forward and brought down suddenly is seen in persons suffering from tabes dorsalis.
Ataxic gait
A gait associated with staggering movement is seen in cerebellar diseases.
Cerebellar gait
A swaying movement due to knock-knee
Cow’s gait
Gait in which the steps are short, the feet are dragged, and the legs are held more or less widely apart.
Paretic gait
A gait in which the legs are held together and move in a stiff manner and the toes dragged.
Spastic gait
Involuntary movement in short accelerating steps.
Festinating gait
A hopping gait resulting from infantile paralysis.
Frog gait
Exaggerated alternation of lateral trunk movement similar to the movement of the duck.
Waddling gait
Stereotype movement or habit peculiar to an individual.
Mannerism
Is considered to be the most valuable method of identification.
Fingerprinting
Is the application of dental science to legal investigations, primarily involving
the identification of the offender by comparing dental records to a bite mark left on the victim or at the scene, or identification of human remains based on dental records.
Forensic odontology
Characteristics which may easily be changed: (5)
*Growth of hair, beard or mustache
*Clothing
*Frequent place of visit
*Grade of profession
*Body ornamentations
Characteristics that may not easily be changed: (4)
*Mental memory
*Speech
*Gait
*Mannerism
Forms of Gait: (8)
- Ataxic gait
- Cerebellar gait
- Cow’s gait
- Paretic gait
- Spastic gait
- Festinating gait
- Frog gait
- Waddling gait
Gait pattern: (7)
A: direction line;
B: gait line;
C: foot line;
D: foot angles;
E: principal angle;
F: length of step;
G: breadth of step.
Scientific Methods Of Identification: (4)
- Fingerprinting
- Dental identification
- Identification of skeleton
- Identification of blood and blood stains
Expresses the path of the individual.
Direction line
The straight line connecting the center of the succeeding steps.
Gait line
The longitudinal line drawn on each foot mark.
Foot line
The angle formed by the foot line and the direction line
Foot angle
The angle between the two succeeding foot angles.
Principal angle
When the distance between the center points in two successive heel prints of the two
feet exceeds 40 inches, there is a strong presumption that the person is running.
Length of step
The distance between the outer contours of two succeeding foot marks or steps.
Breadth of step
