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Anatomy and Physiology part 2 > Part 2 > Flashcards

Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology is most accurately described as a study of the functions of ______structures.

A

Body

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2
Q

The largest organ of the body is the______.

A

Skin

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3
Q

_________ of the skin include hair, nails, sweat and oil glands.

A

Appendages

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4
Q

_________ removes and depletes lipids.

A

Exfoliation

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5
Q

The skin protects against outside elements and ________.

A

Microorganisms

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6
Q

The barrier function of the skin includes the ________.

A

Acid mantle.

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7
Q

The average pH of the acid mantle is____.

A

5.5

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8
Q

______ stands for transepidermal water loss.

A

TEWL

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9
Q

The interstellar cement between epidermal cells is made up of_______.

A

Lipids

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10
Q

The immune cells that mature in the thymus gland and attack virus-infected cells, foreign cells and cancer cells are the_____.

A

T-cells

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11
Q

Sensory nerve fibers are most abundant in the _______.

A

Fingertips

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12
Q

The average body’s internal thermostat is set at ____ degrees Fahrenheit.

A

98.6

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13
Q

_______ glands excrete perspiration.

A

Sudoriferous

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14
Q

The _______ glands excrete Sebum.

A

Sebaceous

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15
Q

Some states define the esthetician scope of practice as “not beyond the DEJ”, which means that the estheticians are to treat the _____ only.

A

Epidermis

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16
Q

About 95% of the epidermis is made up of ________.

A

Keratinocytes

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17
Q

The clear cells is the most accurate description of the ____________.

A

Stratum lucidum

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18
Q

______ days is the average adult skin turnover rate.

A

28

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19
Q

_______ is the shedding of keratinocytes from the skin.

A

Desquamation

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20
Q

________ cells are fat, scaly cells.

A

Squamous

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21
Q

The stratum lucid is located just below the _________.

A

Stratum corneum

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22
Q

The ______ are the part of the body where skin is the thickest.

A

Palms

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23
Q

Keratin and intercellular lipids are formed in the __________.

A

Stratum granulosum

24
Q

The stratum germinativum is the layer of skin that contains______.

A

Melanocytes

25
Q

_______ occurs in the stratum germinativum layer of the skin.

A

Mitosis

26
Q

Melanocytes is the basal layer produced ______ granules.

A

Pigment

27
Q

The thickest layer of the skin is called the ______.

A

Dermis

28
Q

The two layers of the dermis are the ________ and reticular.

A

Papillary

29
Q

______ is it technical term for a nail.

A

Onyx

30
Q

It takes 4 to 6 months for a _______ to fully grow out.

A

Fingernail

31
Q

Stretch marks are caused by ______ elastin fibers

A

Damaged

32
Q

The primary cause of wrinkles is the damage and loss of _____.

A

Elastin

33
Q

Subcutis, or ____ tissue, is found below the reticular layer in the dermis.

A

Adipose

34
Q

Stratum ______ is NOT a layer of the epidermis.

A

Epithelium

35
Q

If you have _________ you have an inflammation of the follicle.

A

Folliculitis

36
Q

_______ nerve simulate the arrestor pili muscles.

A

Motor

37
Q

Differences in genetic skin color are due to the amount of ______ activated in the skin.

A

Melanin

38
Q

Products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes are referred to as ______________.

A

Tyrosinase inhibitors

39
Q

Apocrine glands are most active during ______changes.

A

Emotional

40
Q

_____ need protection, nourishment, and ability to function in order to survive.

A

Cells

41
Q

Alpha hydroxy acid stimulate _______.

A

Cell turnover

42
Q

UV rays have the greatest _____ effect on the skin.

A

Aging

43
Q

_______ are known as burning ray because they cause burning, tanning, aging, and cancer.

A

UBV

44
Q

Approximately 80 to 85% of aging is caused by __________.

A

Sun exposure

45
Q

As _____depletes, skin begins to lose its tone.

A

Estrogen

46
Q

The main function of_______ nerve fibers is to regulate excretion from the sweat glands and control sebum output.

A

Secretory

47
Q

________ are made up of neurons that form a network of pathways for conducting information.

A

Nerves

48
Q

Nerve fibers send messages to the _______ nervous system and brain to react to heat and cold.

A

Central

49
Q

________ glands are not considered to sweat glands by some medical authorities because their openings connect to oil glands instead of pore openings.

A

Apocrine

50
Q

The ______ system controls the excretion of sweat.

A

Nervous

51
Q

The _______ glance secrete oil and the _______ glands secrete sweat.

A

Sebaceous

Sudoriferous

52
Q

The loss of access fluid may lead to __________ in the body.

A

Dehydration

53
Q

Nerves are cord like bundles of fibers made up of ______ throughout which sensory stimuli pass.

A

Neurons

54
Q

The greatest sebaceous glands are found on the _______.

A

Face

55
Q

Free radicals take electrons from compounds in the body. However________ is not considered an antioxidant.

A

Collagen

56
Q

Glycation, and intrinsic part of the age process is caused by a rise in the_________.

A

Blood sugar

57
Q

Estheticians can suggest hormone replacement therapy to a client experiencing ______ to balance their estrogen level.

A

Menopause

Anatomy and Physiology part 2 (1 decks)

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