Part 2

Question 1

What is normal host-microbiota?

Answer 1

Internal tissues free of microorganism

Surface tissue in contact with environment

Question 2

What does normal microbiota derive of?

Answer 2

supply of nutrients
stable environment
constant temperature
protection
transport

Question 3

Benefits of the normal microbiota

Answer 3

Some nutrient benefit

Prevention of colonisation of pathogen

Question 4

Role of normal microbiota

Answer 4

producing metabolic products
adhering to target host cells
depleting nutrients esssential fro growth of pathogen
stimulate the immune system

Question 5

cause of c.difficile

Answer 5

toxin A and B

Question 6

What is cell polarity?

Answer 6

important for intestinal homeostasis
marker is EZRIN, important for apical integrity in intestinal epithelial cell
examined using immunofluorescent staining

Question 7

What is adherens junction?

Answer 7

It maintains intestinal integrity

disruption leads to inflammation

Question 8

What is intestinal integrity?

Answer 8

stem cells will repair damage caused by infection
disruption cannot fix the damage
cdl kills stem cells and affects function

Question 9

What does C.difficile infection damage?

Answer 9

It damages junctions between cells leading to ‘leaky gut’.

Question 10

What are treatments of C.difficile?

Answer 10

discontinuation of antibiotics
more antibiotics such as oral metronidazole
probiotics
antibodies