Part 1, Set 1 Flashcards
Time frame for hyperacute, acute, and chronic transplant rejection
hyperacute: within minutes
acute: weeks
chronic: months to years
Immunologic response for hyperacute, acute, and chornic transplant rejection
hyperacute: HSR II –> preformed antibodies
acute: cellular –> CD8+ against donor MHC
chronic: cellular –> CD8+ respond to foreign MHC as self MHC presenting non-self antigen
Treatment for digoxin toxicity
- normalize Na and Mg serum levels
- anti-dig Fab fragments
- bradycardia –> atropine
- arryth –> ACLS guidelines
Vanco as treatment for…
GRAM + ONLY
MDRO (multi drug resistant organisms) such as:
MRSA
enterococcus
2nd line (oral) for clostridium difficile
How does vancomycin resistance develop?
D-ala-D-ala to D-ala D-LAC***
Do atypical antipsychotic primarily address negative or positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
BOTH
Typical antipsychotics MOA and treat sx
block D2 Rec –> increase cAMP –> treat POSITIVE SX
Atypical antipsychotics MOA and treat sx
block D2 Rec AND OTHERS: 5-HT, alpha, H1 receptors –> treat POSITIVE and NEGATIVE SX
Positive sx of schizophrenia
delusions
hallucinations (auditory)
disorganized speech
disorganized catatonic behavior
Negative sx of schizophrenia
flat affect
social withdrawal
lack motivation
lack speech/thought
Which sx of schizophrenia are easier to treat?
positive
When need to change loading dose and/or maintenance dose?
if liver or renal dizease –> decrease maintenance dose only, loading dose unchanged
What substances compose the matrix of the bone?
organic matrix 30%
collagen, chorndroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid
crystalline salts 70%
calcium, phosphate, hydroxyapatite
What can hydroxyapatite conjugate to?
Mg, Na, K, HCO3, strontium, uranium, plutonium, lead, gold, heavy metals
K+ sparing diuretics mneumonic
“K, take a SEAT!”
S - spironolactone
E - epipleronone
A - amiloride
T - triamterene
