Part 1 Radiological Presentation of Infectious Diseases Flashcards
Most infections of the lungs and bones can be diagnosed through ___
Radiographs
For some infections e.g. of the liver, kidneys, etc, when taking radiographs, we need to rely on ____
Indirect signs
What is usually the first line of imaging for infections of the lungs, bones, and intestines?
Radiographs
Radiographs serves as the first line of imaging for infections of the?
> Lungs
> Bones
> Intestines
Radiograph ____ are helpful in follow-up and monitoring response to treatment
Serial images
Radiograph serial images are helpful in ___ and ___
> Follow-up
> Monitoring response to treatment
____ is used to confirm the presence of parenchymal and bony lesions, and extent of disease.
CT scans
CT scans is used to confirm the presence of ___ and ___, and ___.
> Parenchymal
> Bony lesions
> Extent of disease
___ is good in evaluation of infections of the lungs, brain, abdomen, extremities, soft tissues
CT scans
CT scans is good in evaluation of infections of the ___, ___, ___, ___, ___
> Lungs
> Brain
> Abdomen
> Extremities
> Soft tissues
___ is valuable in detecting infectious lesions in the brain, abdomen and thorax, soft tissues and bones
MRI
MRI is valuable in detecting infectious lesions in the ___, ___ and ___ , ___ and ___
> Brain
> Abdomen
> Thorax
> Soft tissues
> Bones
CT scan and MRI require ____
Contrast administration
___ and ____ require contrast administration
> CT scan
> MRI
___ is valuable in detecting lesions in the abdominal organs and pleural effusion
Ultrasound
Ultrasound is valuable in detecting lesions in the ___, and ___
> Abdominal organs
> Pleural effusion
Invasion and multiplication, in the body, of microorganism such as bacteria, viruses and parasites that are normally not present within the body
Infection
Define infection.
It is the INVASION and MULTIPLICATION, in the body of MICROORGANISM such as BACTERIA, VIRUSES, and PARASITES that are normally not present within the body.
Infection may be ___ and ____ or may present with clinical symptoms
> Subclinical
> Asymptomatic
Infection duration may be ___ or ____
Acute or Chronic
Infection localization can either be ___ or ____
> Single focus / multiple foci in one organ
> Spread to other organs
What are the biggest barriers for inherent protection from infection?
Intact skin and mucosa
What inherent protection from infection is secreted by the body to protect against infection?
Different enzymes, acids, etc.
Immune system of the body is also known as ____
Inherent protection from infection
Inherent protection from infection is also known as ____
Immune system of the body
What are the signs of inflammation?
> Edema (seen as fluid, mass effect)
> Hyperemia - vascular congestion (seen as enhancement when IV contrast is given)
Signs of tissue death and necrosis in imaging
Dead tissues and debris (low attenuation and no enhancement) in imaging
Signs of gas forming bacteria in imaging
Presence of gas in imaging
Signs of containment in imaging
Walling off - margins, borders, encapsulation in imaging
Signs of fibrosis and scarring in imaging
Chronic / Healed diseases in imaging
What do you look for in imaging?
Signs of:
> Inflammation
> Tissue death and necrosis
> Gas forming bacteria
> Containment
> Fibrosis and scarring
Give examples of infections in lungs
> Pneumonia
> Abscess
> Tuberculosis
Give examples of infections in brain
Meningitis
Give examples of infections in bones
Osteomyelitis and Brodie’s abscess
Give examples of infections in gastrointestinal tract
Diverticulitis
