Part 1 - Properties

Question 1

Properties of pollutants anagram

Answer 1

SEADSSSBBPPMMTTR

State matter
Energy form
Adsorption 
Density 
Solubility 
Synergism
Specificity
Bioaccumulation
Bio magnification 
Persistence 
Primary / secondary pollutants
Mutagenic action
Mobility 
Teratogenic action 
Toxicity 
Reactivity

Question 2

Properties of pollutants

Adsorption

Answer 2

Molecules attracted to surface of materials - immobilised- but can be released later on and cause problems

Question 3

Properties of pollutants synergism

Answer 3

2/ more EFFECTS combine

Question 4

Properties of pollutants mutagenic action

Gonadic effects

Somatic effects

Carcinogenic effects

Answer 4

Mutagens are agents which cause chemical structure of DNA to change by damaging chrome zones And rearranging DNA structure

• = sperm/ egg / embryo mutations - offspring abnormalities
• = general body cells - change dna / cell function can lead to Tumour
• carcinogens = mutagens that cause cancer

Question 5

Properties of pollutants – teratogenic action

Answer 5

Teratogens cause birth abnormalities

Don’t change DNA but inhibit function of proteins and enzymes DNA would normally have controlled

Question 6

Factors affecting degradation

Answer 6

Temp - increase reactions and breakdown rate, can lead to deoxygenation
Light levels - A.E. For chemical reactions
Oxygen - reactions and affect solubility many metals
PH - affects substance solubility
Pollutants interactions

Question 7

Factors affecting dispersal

Answer 7

Wind and water currents
Temp inversions
Presence adsorbent materials

Question 8

Temp inversions and factors that allow them to form

Answer 8

• any ground cooler than usual so cool effluent rises and reaches warmer temps again higher so it’s then trapped
• valleys
• Low wind
• cloudless sky
• mist /fog during day reflect sunlight

Question 9

Strategies to control pollution

Answer 9

CPA
CGM
Emission control strategies
Principles of pollution control

Question 10

CPA

Answer 10

Predict movement of pollutant in environment
Diluted and dispersed?
Location importance and sensitivity?
Menus for monitoring/protection of protected sites
Mainly used for radioactive waste discharge
Environmental sampling checks CPA prediction

Question 11

CGM

Answer 11

Assess exposure to groups of public most of risk due to lifestyle/health (critical group)
Group risk low assumed other members at public at lower risk still
Assess potential health risk before they occur

Question 12

Emission control strategies

Answer 12

Control of emission location
- water currents present ?
- down wind urban area
- not above permeable rock above an aquifer
Control of the emission timing
- tides
- temp inversion

Question 13

Principle of pollution control

Answer 13

• polluter pays principle
• precautionary principle
• selection of control method — production prevention, prevention release, post release remidiation , alternative processes
• efficiency of pollution control - ALARA
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