Part 1 : Peacemaking Flashcards
when was the first world war fought?
from 1914 to 1918
what happened at the end of the war?
the germans surrendered and signed an armistice
what did the germans state they’d do in their armistice?
- pay reparations
- give alsace-lorraine back to france
- move the german army out of the rhineland
when was the paris peace conference?
january 1919
what were the aims of the paris peace conference?
to decide the terms of the final peace treaties
how many countries met in the paris peace conference and where?
32 countries met in the palace of versailles
who where the paris peace conference discussions led by?
- the big three
- david lloyd george
- georges clemenceau
- woodrow wilson
david lloyd george
PM of britain
georges clemenceau
PM of france
woodrow wilson
president of the USA
pressure on the big three
- a lot
- had to make a peace that would keep everyone happy but europe was falling apart so they needed to act quickly
aims of georges clemenceau
- wanted germany to pay for reparations to rebuild area of france badly impacted by war
- wanted revenge for all lives lost
- aimed to weaken germany so it could never attack again
- wanted to push back the german border back to the Rhine so that the french people would feel safer
aims of david lloyd george
- wanted a cautious approach : the british public wanted germany to be punished, but lloyd george feared this would lead to Germany wanting revenge
- wanted to keep Germany strong so that it could trade with Britain and act as a buffer to Communism
- aimed to gain German colonies to add to the British empire
- wanted naval supremacy by reducing Germany’s navy
aims of woodrow wilson
- wanted a fair peace so that Germany would not seek revenge
- proposed the 14 points, including the formation of the League of Nation, self-determination and freedom of the seas
- but american public didn’t want USA to get involved in european affairs again
some of woodrow wilson’s 14 points
- no secret treaties
- ships of all nations have the right to sail the seas without interference
- disarmament
- alsace-lorraine returned to france
- self-determination in the austrio-hungarian and ottoman empires
- independence to be given to romania, serbia and montenegro
- an independent polish state to be created with access to the sea
- the league of nations to be formed - a group of countries who would work together to encourage trade and peace
how did world war one affect france?
- much of the fighting that took place during the war was in france, particularly in the north-east
- the germans destroyed many mines, railways, factories, bridges and farmland
- the french also suffered the most deaths
- many french people wanted revenge and put clemenceau under a lot of pressure to make it happen
how did world war one affect britain?
- many young british men died in the trenches and many people of britain wanted revenge
when was the treaty of versailles signed?
28th June 1919
what was the nickname given to the final treaty?
- a Diktat
- germany wasn’t allowed to negotiate the terms
the terms germany had to agree to which damaged their pride
- Article 231 - war guilt clause
- league of nations formed, but germany not allowed to join
the terms which germany had to agree to which economically damaged them
- Article 232 - reparations - amount set at £6.6 billion in 1921
- the Saar given to the league of nations to control for 15 years (industrial place)
the terms which germany had to agree to which represent millitary loss
- german navy restricted to 15000 men with only 1500 officers
- german navy only allowed 6 battleships
- germany not allowed tanks, submarine or an air force
- german army limited to 100,000 men
- conscription not allowed
the terms which germany had to agree to which represent territorial loss
- forbidden anschluss
- danzig taken from germany
- germany split in two by the polish corridor
- saar given to the league of nations to control for 15 years
- demilitarisation of the rhineland
- germany’s colonies given to the league as mandates
what was clemenceau pleased about?
- france gaining alsace-lorraine
- germany having no army in the rhineland