Part 1: New World Beginnings Flashcards
Matrilinear
The form of society in which family line, power, and wealth are passed primarily through the female side. Many North American native peoples, including the Iroquois, developed matrilinear cultures
Middlemen
In trading systems, those dealers who operate between the original buyers and the retail merchants who sell to consumers
Caravel
Developed by Portuguese. A small vessel with a high deck and 3 triangular sails. These ships could sail more closely to the wind.
Encomienda system
Allowed the government to give Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to try to Christianize them
Mestizo
Person of mixed Native American and European ancestry
Crusades
Europeans tried to gain control of the Holy Land from Muslims. Though they failed, they acquired a taste for exotic goods of Asia.
Marco Polo
Italian adventurer who told tales of his journey through China. Indirect discoverer of the New World.
Da Gama
Portuguese explorer who reached India
Colombus
Italian sailor seeking new water route to the Indies, and discovered the Americas
Colombian exchange
New World exports: Gold silver, corn, potatoes, pineapples, tobacco, syphilis
Old World exports: Wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, horses, cows, pigs, smallpox, measles, plague
Africa exports: Slaves
Treaty of Tordasillas
Spain and Portugal divided the New World. Spain received most of the territory, but Portugal also received land in Africa and Asia, and Brazil
Pizarro
Crushed Incas in 1532 and stole a lot of treasure
Cortes
Sailed to Mexico and befriended Aztec chieftain Moctezuma. Eventually attacked and captured Tenochtitlan.
Cabot
Englishman who explored the northeastern coast of North America.
LaSalle
Frenchman who led an expedition down the Mississippi River
Father Serra
Founded Spanish missions in California to Christianize natives. Did not adopt the religion, and lost their cultures, and died from diseases.
Black Legend
False concept that conquerors only tortured natives, stole from them, and infected them. Actually, Spaniards built, fused, and advanced Native culture.
English relationship with natives
Wanted to stay segregated (King Phillip’s War, Pequot War, etc.)
Spanish relationship with natives
Tried to convert to Catholicism- caused rebellions
Manipulated and oppressed
French relationship with natives
Worked with them in the fur trade, and fought with them in the fur trade
Protestant Reformation
Christians in Northern European countries revolted against the Catholic Pope. Sparked religious wars between Protestants and Catholics that made each want to spread their religion to other continents.