Part 1 (Natural selection)

Question 1

Certain alleles are favored that increase in frequency, while others are favored and decrease in frequency

Answer 1

Natural selection

Question 2

What is the effect on variation?

Answer 2

Can maintain/ increase or decrease

Question 3

The ability of a genotype to leave offspring in the next generation

Answer 3

Fitness

Question 4

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium is a

Answer 4

null hypothesis

Question 5

Specifies what should be observed

Answer 5

Null hypothesis

Question 6

Random changes in allele frequency; most important in small populations

Answer 6

Genetic Drift

Question 7

the effect of genetic variation? (genetic drift)

Answer 7

reduce

Question 8

The effect on average fitness? (genetic drift)

Answer 8

reduce

Question 9

-Variation exists among individuals in population
-Traits are heritable
-Survival and reproduction are highly variable
-Non-random survival and reproduction

Answer 9

Darwins Postulates

Question 10

Random production of alleles

Answer 10

mutation

Question 11

What increases genetic variation?

Answer 11

mutation

Question 12

-Frequencies drift up and down over time
-especially affects small populations

Answer 12

Genetic drift

Question 13

-adding new alleles (evolution)
-removing alleles (evolution)

Answer 13

Gene flow

Question 14

High gene flow =

Answer 14

more similar populations

Question 15

Low gene flow =

Answer 15

more different populations

Question 16

Movement of alleles between population; reduces the differences between populations

Answer 16

gene flow

Question 17

Change in nucleotide base
random production of new alleles

Answer 17

mutation

Question 18

-Genetic variation is reduced
-no change in average value of trait over time

Answer 18

Stabilizing

Question 19

change in one direction

Answer 19

directional

Question 20

-Genetic variation is increased
-favors extreme phenotype

Answer 20

Disruptive

Question 21

change average value of a trait

Answer 21

directional selection

Question 22

increases variation in a trait

Answer 22

disruptive selection