Part 1: Methodolgy Flashcards

1
Q

Methodology:

A

The systematic assessment and justification of method choice.

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2
Q

Typical goals of science:

A

Prediction, explanation and design.

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3
Q

Conventional view of methodology:

A

Choices between different methods are justified by what is seen as “common practice” in the field.

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4
Q

The best-results view of methodology:

A

Choices between different methods should be determined based on what produces desired results.

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5
Q

The epistemic tool view of methodology:

A

Choices between different methods are determined on what one has the most reason to believe will satisfy ones epistemic goals.

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6
Q

Justification:

A

Reasons for believing a certain proposition to be true.

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7
Q

Instrumental reasoning:

A

Providing justification to fulfil a clearly stated goal.

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8
Q

Proposition:

A

The information expressed in a statement or a claim. “Snow is white” and “Snö är vitt” contains the same proposition, but are two different statements.

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9
Q

Prediction:

A

Knowing that an event will occur at a future time.

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10
Q

Explanation:

A

Knowing what causes produced an event.

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11
Q

Design:

A

Being able to design an artefact that satisfies certain functions.

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12
Q

The classical definition of knowledge:

A

True, justified belief.

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13
Q

Lexical definition:

A

A definition that intends to capture common usage of a term.

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14
Q

Stipulative definition:

A

A definition made for a specific purpose, in a specific context.

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15
Q

Belief:

A

A state of mind where a person considers a proposition to be true.

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16
Q

Uncertainty:

A

A belief is uncertain if it is not absolutely justified.

17
Q

Justification:

A

Reasons for believing a proposition to be true.

18
Q

Truth:

A

A proposition is true if it describes how things really are.

19
Q

Empiricism:

A

Knowledge arises from evidence gathered via sense experience.

20
Q

Observational report:

A

A statement about sense experience.

21
Q

Instrumentalism:

A

A scientific theory is not strictly speaking true or false, and the entities it proposes are conceptual tools, rather than something that exist.

22
Q

Realism:

A

A scientific theory is true or false, and the entities it proposes either exist or do not exist.