Part 1 Materials Of Music Chap 1-7 Flashcards
What is melody defined by?
Pitch and duration.
What is a Melody?
Succession of single tones or pitches perceived by the mind as unity.
What is Pitch?
The highness or lowness of a tone.
Duration
The amount of time in which a note is held.
What are the three characteristics of a melody?
Range, contour and movement.
Range
Distance between the lowest and highest notes. (Narrow, medium, and wide)
Contour
Overall shape of the melody (outline)
Ascending, descending, wave or static.
Movement
The relationship to each pitch to the others that precede or follow it (conjunct-small intervals) ( disjunct-many leaps)
Phrases
The units that make up a melody
Cadences
Resting place after the phrase
Rhythm
The movement if music in time
Beat
The regular pulse found in music.
Meter
The organizing patterns of rhythmic pulses Time Signature
Duple Meter (Metrical Pattern)
2 Beats per measure
Triple Meter (Metrical Pattern)
3 beats per measure
Quadruple Meter (Metrical Pattern)
4 beats per measure
Interval
The distant from one pitch to the next
Ex. C to D is a 2nd, C to E is a 3rd)
Chord
Three or more tones sounded together
Triad
Three note chord
Harmony
simultaneous sounding of notes to form chords and the progression from one chord to the next
Scale
series of pitches in ascending or descending order
•Ex. C Major Scale - C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C
Octave
An interval of 8 notes apart
•Ex. C to the next C on the piano is an octave
Consonance
a combination of tones that produces a pleasing sound
Dissonance
combination of tones that produces a harsh
Half Step
the smallest interval used
Whole Step
two half steps equals a whole step
Chromatic Scale
made up of twelve half steps
Major Scale
created by the pattern W-W-H-W-W-W-H
Minor Scale
created by the pattern W-H-W-W-H-WW
Diatonic
Melody or harmony built from the seven tones of a major or minor scale
Scale Degrees
The names of each note on the scale
Tonic (I)
The first note of the scale that serves as a point of rest
Subdominant(IV)
The fourth note on a scale
Dominant
The fifth note of the scale. “feeling of restlessness and needs to resolve to tonic
Texture
The interweaving of the melodic lines with harmony in music
Types of textures
Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Heterophonic Improv and Imitation
Monophonic
Melodic line with no accomaniment
Homophonic
Melody plus accompaniment
Polyphonic
2 independant melodic lines combined
Heterophonic
Two or more voices that elaborate the same melody simultaneously. often results in improvisation
Improvisation
Music that is created on the spot
Imitation
Melodic idea presented in one voice and then restated in another
Form
Structure and design of a piece of music based on repition, variation and contrast
Repetition
Resating a passage or section in a piece of music
Variation
altering a pre existing musical idea in a piece of music
Contrast
Use of opposing musical elements to emphasize difference and variety
Types of Forms
Strophic
Binary
Ternary
Strophic
Strong structure in which the same music is repeated with every stanza of the poem
Binary
Two part form (A-B)
Ternary
Three part form (A-B-A)
Theme
The melodic idea used as a basic building block in the construction of a composition
Sequence
A melody or motive that can be restated at a different pitch level
Motive
A melody or theme that can be broken into smaller melodies
Tempo
Rate of speed or pace of the music. Tempo markings indicate the pace of the music
Largo ( tempo marking)
very slow
adagio (tempo marking)
Quite slow
andante (tempo marking)
a walking pace
moderato (tempo marking)
Moderate
allegro (tempo marking)
fast
Dynamics
Levels of loudness or softness in music
Piano (p) ( Dynamic Marking)
soft
mezzo forte (mf) (dynamic marking)
moderatley soft
forte (f) (dynamic marking)
loud
crescendo
Growing Louder<
decresendo
growing softer >
