Part 1- Malignancies of surface epithelial origin (test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Basal cell carcinoma arises from where?

A

the uh, basal cells.

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2
Q

What is the most common skin caner?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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3
Q

Who is at the highest risk for basal cell carcinoma?

A

40+ yrs old, fair complexion, chronic sun exposure.

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4
Q

T/F any cutaneous area of the head and neck may be affected?

A

True

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5
Q

What is the most common clinical presentation for basal cell carcinoma?

A

Nodulo-ulcerative

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6
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma often confused with?

A

sebaceous hyperplasia, however basal cell carcinoma often has an ulceration at the center

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7
Q

The key word for basal cell carcinoma is “nodule-ulcerative”

A

it’s come up a couple times

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8
Q

Are pigmented basal cell carcinomas rare?

A

No, they are common and they look like a nevus

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9
Q

What helps distinguish pigmented basal cell carcinomas from melanocytic nevi?

A

they show up all of a sudden and they have no hair! Hairy moles are good!

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10
Q

Why can basal cell carcinomas be pigmented?

A

It’s due to colonization by benign melanocytes

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11
Q

What is the most aggressive, but least common form of basal cell carcinomas? What does it resemble?

A

Sclerosing/morpheaform

It resembles a scar due to collagen induction

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12
Q

How do you treat basal cell carcinoma?

A
excision
electrodesiccation and currettage
Moms micro graphically controlled surgery
Cryotherapy
Radiation therapy
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13
Q

What is the prognosis of basal cell?

A

Generally excellent. 95% are cured after first tx.

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14
Q

What is the most common oral malignancy?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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15
Q

Where is squamous cell carcinoma usually found and what causes it?

A

the skin and lower vermillion zone. squamous cell carcinoma is due to UV light exposure

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16
Q

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma arises most often from what?

A

pre-existing actinic keratosis

17
Q

Where are some common sites for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

face, helix of ear, dorsum of hands and arms are common sites

18
Q

T/F actinically-induced squamous cell carcinomas are generally poorly differentiated and grow rapidly?

A

False- well-differentiated and slowly growing

19
Q

Intraoral squamous cell carcinomas are usually associated with _____. But 25% aren’t associated with anything.

A

tobacco with or without alcohol

20
Q

High-risk HPV type ____ is implicated in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

21
Q

HPV + oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma have a better/worse prognosis then HPV - oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma?

A

better. HPV + positive is better!

22
Q

Mouthwashes with greater than 25% alcohol used excessive can cause a grayish buccal mucosa and plaques but there are not leukoplakias

A

Cool stuff.

23
Q

What does oral squamous cell carcinoma look like?

A

irregular shape, mixture of red and white- think candy canes- where do you put them? in your mouth.
The lesions are often ulcerated and can have either a growing in or growing out pattern (exophytic/endophytic)

24
Q

T/F pain is usually an early feature of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

A

False, pain is a late feature

25
squamous cell carcinoma of the lip is secondary to ______ and arises in the setting of _______.
secondary to ultraviolet let exposure | in the setting of actinic cheilitis
26
What's the prognosis for squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip?
Pretty good, but the upper lip has a high risk for lymph node metastasis, but squamous cell carcinoma on the upper lip is pretty rare
27
Oral squamous cell carcinoma develops from what three things?
Leukoplakia Erythroplakia Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia
28
What is proliferative verrucous leukoplakia?
It's a leukoplakia that grows laterally and involves multiple sites it has a heavy female predilection (4:1) and usually occurs in older people
29
Oral squamous cell carcinoma most commonly occurs where?
Freaking everywhere in the mouth except the soft palate.
30
Let's talk about squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Where does it most often occur?
The lateral tongue
31
Most people who have squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue have a history of what?
cigarette smoking and alcohol abuse