Part 1- Malignancies of surface epithelial origin (test 1) Flashcards
Basal cell carcinoma arises from where?
the uh, basal cells.
What is the most common skin caner?
Basal cell carcinoma
Who is at the highest risk for basal cell carcinoma?
40+ yrs old, fair complexion, chronic sun exposure.
T/F any cutaneous area of the head and neck may be affected?
True
What is the most common clinical presentation for basal cell carcinoma?
Nodulo-ulcerative
What is basal cell carcinoma often confused with?
sebaceous hyperplasia, however basal cell carcinoma often has an ulceration at the center
The key word for basal cell carcinoma is “nodule-ulcerative”
it’s come up a couple times
Are pigmented basal cell carcinomas rare?
No, they are common and they look like a nevus
What helps distinguish pigmented basal cell carcinomas from melanocytic nevi?
they show up all of a sudden and they have no hair! Hairy moles are good!
Why can basal cell carcinomas be pigmented?
It’s due to colonization by benign melanocytes
What is the most aggressive, but least common form of basal cell carcinomas? What does it resemble?
Sclerosing/morpheaform
It resembles a scar due to collagen induction
How do you treat basal cell carcinoma?
excision electrodesiccation and currettage Moms micro graphically controlled surgery Cryotherapy Radiation therapy
What is the prognosis of basal cell?
Generally excellent. 95% are cured after first tx.
What is the most common oral malignancy?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Where is squamous cell carcinoma usually found and what causes it?
the skin and lower vermillion zone. squamous cell carcinoma is due to UV light exposure
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma arises most often from what?
pre-existing actinic keratosis
Where are some common sites for squamous cell carcinoma?
face, helix of ear, dorsum of hands and arms are common sites
T/F actinically-induced squamous cell carcinomas are generally poorly differentiated and grow rapidly?
False- well-differentiated and slowly growing
Intraoral squamous cell carcinomas are usually associated with _____. But 25% aren’t associated with anything.
tobacco with or without alcohol
High-risk HPV type ____ is implicated in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
type 16
HPV + oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma have a better/worse prognosis then HPV - oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma?
better. HPV + positive is better!
Mouthwashes with greater than 25% alcohol used excessive can cause a grayish buccal mucosa and plaques but there are not leukoplakias
Cool stuff.
What does oral squamous cell carcinoma look like?
irregular shape, mixture of red and white- think candy canes- where do you put them? in your mouth.
The lesions are often ulcerated and can have either a growing in or growing out pattern (exophytic/endophytic)
T/F pain is usually an early feature of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
False, pain is a late feature
squamous cell carcinoma of the lip is secondary to ______ and arises in the setting of _______.
secondary to ultraviolet let exposure
in the setting of actinic cheilitis
What’s the prognosis for squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip?
Pretty good, but the upper lip has a high risk for lymph node metastasis, but squamous cell carcinoma on the upper lip is pretty rare
Oral squamous cell carcinoma develops from what three things?
Leukoplakia
Erythroplakia
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia
What is proliferative verrucous leukoplakia?
It’s a leukoplakia that grows laterally and involves multiple sites
it has a heavy female predilection (4:1) and usually occurs in older people
Oral squamous cell carcinoma most commonly occurs where?
Freaking everywhere in the mouth except the soft palate.
Let’s talk about squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Where does it most often occur?
The lateral tongue
Most people who have squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue have a history of what?
cigarette smoking and alcohol abuse
