Part 1 - Germany and the Growth of Democracy Flashcards
How was Germany ruled before WW1?
The Kaiser ruled over all over all of the states in Germany.
The Kaiser was supported by the Chancellor, the Reichstag and representatives from each state.
Who is Kaiser Wilhelm?
He was the ruler of Germany from 1888-1918. He essentially ruled by himself, and focused on building the military, navy and territory.
Why did socialism become more popular under Kaiser Wilhelm’s rule?
The industry was booming and factory owners were rich but workers were unhappy with their conditions so they turned to trade unions and the new SPD party.
What was Germany like in 1918?
Germany was close to collapse, people were starving, the British blockade stopped food from entering. The German people were becoming annoyed with the Kaiser.
What happened in Kiel?
On the 28th of October 1918 the German navy was ordered out to sea from Kiel. The sailors organised a munity.
What effect did the sailors mutiny have on Germany?
Within 6 days most of the country was striking. The Kaiser had lost control and on the 9th of November 1918 he abdicated and left Germany.
When the Kaiser abdicated who was put in power.
The leader of the SPD Friedrich Ebert took leadership on a temporary basis. He would set up a vote when the country was stable.
Impact of the war on Germany.
- Germany was virtually bankrupt - Germany had borrowed money from the USA, the war left 600,000 war windows and 2 million children without fathers, Germany had also leant out money.
- It had divided German society - factory owners had made money whilst workers had bad conditions, women had worked in factories many thought this ruined family values.
- Germany was politically unstable - before the was Germany was stable now there was mutiny.
Positives of the Weimar Constitution?
- All Germans had equal rights and the right to vote, including women over 20.
Negatives of the Weimar Constitution?
- Proportional representation meant that it was had to make decisions and pass laws.
- A majority was needed.
- Article 48 meant that the President could rule by themselves if needed.
What role did the President have in the Weimar Republic?
- Elected every 7 years.
- Controlled army, navy and air force
- Stayed out of the day-to-day running of the country.
What role did the Chancellor have in the Weimar Republic?
- Chosen by the President
- Responsible for the day-to-day running of the country.
What role did the Reichstag have in the Weimar Republic?
- Discussed and introduced new laws.
- MPs were elected every 4 years.
- The voting system used was proportional representation this was a slow process.
Why did Germany hate the Treaty of Versailles?
- they had to take responsibility for WW1
- the reparations were 6.6 billion
- the German army and territory was vastly reduced
- it was a diktat = forced treaty
What problem does the Weimar Republic face in 1923?
Hyperinflation.
