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M1 Histology & Embryology > Part 1- Epithelium > Flashcards

Part 1- Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Cells are polarized and avascular attached by special cell to cell junctions and to underlying connective tissue

A

Epithelium

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2
Q

All three germ layers give rise to

A

Epithelium

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3
Q

One layer of cells with all cells attached to the basal lamina

A

Simple Epithelium

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4
Q

More than one layer with only the basal cells attached to the basal lamina

A

Stratified epithelium

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5
Q

Most common epithelium which functions in ion or gas exchange, diffusion, and filtration

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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6
Q

Epithelium found in glands, gland ducts, bronchioles and nephrons functions in secretion or absorption

A

Simple cuboidal

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7
Q

Epithelium found in stomach, intestines, gall bladder, female reproductive system, bronchioles and function in secretion and absorption

A

Simple columnar

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8
Q

Epithelium found in respiratory system and male reproductive system

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

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9
Q

Epithelium lining all areas continuous with epidermis ie lining of oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, vagina, cornea and functions in protection from abrasion and irritation in moist locations.

A

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized

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10
Q

Epithelium lining the epidermis of the skin and hard palate functions in protection from abrasion and irritation

A

Stratified squamous keratinized

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11
Q

Epithelium lining the urinary system, functions in protection from urine

A

Transitional epithelium

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12
Q

Areas changing from stratified type to simple

A

Stratified columnar or cuboidal

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13
Q

Specialized extracellular fibrous sheet that attaches epithelial cells to connective tissue. _________ is a term used to describe the sheet when it is thick enough to be visible under light microscope.

A

Basal lamina, Basoment membrane

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14
Q

Epithelial cells must be attached to the _______ to maintain normal function

A

Basal Lamina

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15
Q

A layer made of Type IV collagen which is always present and secreted by epithelial cells.

A

Basal Lamina

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16
Q

A layer which primarily contains Type III collagen fibrils continuous with the ECM of the connective tissue.

A

Reticular Lamina

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17
Q

Alternate terms for microvilli

A 
Striated border (small intestines)
Brush border (kidney nephron)
Stereocilia (male reproductive system)
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18
Q

Stiff brush like structures composed of actin filaments

A

Microvilli

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19
Q

Motile finger like structures composed of microtubules in a 9+2 doublet arrangement in the axoneme and 9 triplets in the basal body

A

Cilia

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20
Q

Area of complete fusion between adjacent cell membranes. Functions to completely black passage of molecules between cells. Basis of blood tissue barriers.

A

Tight junction

Zonula occludens

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21
Q

Dense area with actin filaments that completely encircles cell. Functions to anchor actin filaments to cell membrane. Stabilizes cytoskeleton.

A

Intermediate junction

Zonula adherens

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22
Q

Keeps neighboring cells from pulling apart, strong cells to ell attachment.

A

Desmosomes

Macula adherens

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23
Q

Attaches cell to basal lamina

A

Hemidesmosome

24
Q

Neighboring cell membranes form small channels or bridges between cells that permits movement of small molecules between cells.

A

Gap junction

Communicating nexus junction

25
Q

Epithelial cells specialized for secretion

A

Glandular epithelia

26
Q

Cells specialized to secrete onto an epithelial surface (free or apical surface)

A

Exocrine cells

27
Q

Cells specialized to secrete a product (hormone) into connective tissue where it enters capillaries.

A

Endocrine gland

28
Q

How do exocrine glands develop?

A

As down growths from surface epithelium

29
Q

Secretory vesicles discharge with little or no loss of apical cytoplasm

A

Merocrine (Eccrine)

30
Q

Secretory vesicles discharge with loss of some apical cytoplasm present in mammary, sweat, and anal glands.

A

Apocrine

31
Q

Secretory vesicles discharge with the whole cell explodes or disintegrates present in sebaceous glands

A

Holocrine

32
Q

Single duct

A

Simple gland

33
Q

Gland with more than one duct, and many branches

A

Compound gland

34
Q

Gland that secretes a watery, protein rich secretion. In the GI system, contain digestive enzymes.

A

Serious cells

35
Q

Glands that secrete slimy, viscous, lubricating glycoproteins

A

Mucous cells

36
Q

Basophilic cytoplasm with secretory granules and a visible nucleolus

A

Serous cell

37
Q

Light or empty appearing cytoplasm with a dark nucleus flattened at base of cell

A

Mucous cell

38
Q

Common type of mucous cell shaped like a water goblet typically identified as a space or bubble

A

Goblet cell

39
Q

Mixed gland with both serous and mucous cells usually contain a serous cell surround mucous called a “demilune”.

A

Seromucous glands

40
Q

The replacement of one fully differentiated cell type for another due to some stressful stimulus. Can be reversible if the stimulus is removed.

A

Metaplasia

41
Q

Abnormal maturation of the tissue, exhibited by alterations in size and shape of the cells and overall architecture of the tissue. Although possibly reversible, considered precancerous.

A

Dysplasia

42
Q

New uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can be classified as benign or malignant

A

Neoplasm

43
Q

3 features that classify a neoplasm as benign or malignant

A

1) degree of fidelity to precursor cells
2) rate of growth
3) ability to metastasize

44
Q

Localized growth that do not penetrate adjacent tissue borders, or metastasize to distant sites. As a rule, usually differentiated cells similar to their parents.

A

Benign tumors

45
Q

Neoplasms that have the ability to invade nearby tissues and metastasize to distant sites

A

Malignant neoplasms

46
Q

Neoplasm derived from embryonic tissue of all 3 germ layers

A

Teratomas

47
Q

Malignant neoplasms derived from mesenchyme, the embryonic CT

A

Sarcomas

48
Q

Suffix of benign vs malignant neoplasms

A

“-oma” “-sarcoma”

50
Q

Name benign and malignant name for neoplasm of the epithelium

A

Epithelioma, carcinoma

51
Q

Name benign and malignant name for neoplasm of the glandular epithelium

A

Adenoma, adenocarcinoma

52
Q

Name benign and malignant name for neoplasm of connective tissue

A

Fibromas, fibrosarcoma

53
Q

Name benign and malignant name for neoplasm of cartilage

A

Chondroma, chondrosarcoma

54
Q

Name benign and malignant name for neoplasm of bone

A

Osteoma, osteosarcoma

55
Q

If the abnormal cancer cells are restricted to the epithelium and are an above intact basal lamina, it is classified as

A

Carcinoma in situ

56
Q

The malignant cells attach to the basal lamina, secrete collagenases and other protease that dissolve the membrane, and invade the connective tissue, where they can break into blood or lymphatic vessels. Using these vessels, they can reach distant sites.

A

Metastasis

57
Q

Name benign and malignant name for neoplasm of glia in adult CNS

A

Glio, glioblastoma

58
Q

Microvilli and cilia May be present on what type of epithelium

A

Simple columnar, simple cuboidal, pseudostratified

M1 Histology & Embryology (2 decks)

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