Part 1: Basics of Pharmacology in Rehabilitation Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical Name

A

Long, awkward, not useful clinically

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2
Q

Generic Name

A

Short hand version of the chemical name

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3
Q

Trade Name

A

Marketing tool to achieve name recognition

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4
Q

Patent life of a drug

A

~20 years

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5
Q

Government agency that oversees drug testing/approval process

A

FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

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6
Q

Phases of Drug Testing

A
Preclinical Trials
Clinical Trials: Phase I (Healthy volunteer) 1 year
Phase II: Small pt sample 2 years
Phase III: Large pt sample 3 years
Phase 4: Post marketing surveillance
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7
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

How the body handles the drugs

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8
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

How the drugs affect the body

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9
Q

Factors of Pharmacokinetics

A

Administration; Absorption; Distribution; Storage; Elimination

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10
Q

Enteral

A

Using the GI tract for administration

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11
Q

Parenteral

A

Not using the GI tract for administration

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12
Q

Enteral route trade off

A

Simple, easy; less predictable absorption

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13
Q

Parenteral route trade off

A

More difficult, inconvenient; more predictable absorption

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14
Q

Odds of drug approval

A

5000 compounds—>5 clinical trials—->1 approved

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15
Q

Implications of drug testing/approval

A

Drug costs
Availability
Failure to identify side effects

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16
Q

Who can prescribe prescription meds?

A

Physician

Dentist

17
Q

Who can suggest drugs?

A

Physician
Dentist
NOT PT

18
Q

Absorption/Distribution affected by

A

Administration route
Chemical properties of drug
Various barriers and carriers

19
Q

Storage sites

A

Fat, muscle, bone, liver, kidneys

20
Q

Primary problems of storage

A

Local tissue damage

Redistribution: stored drug leaks out

21
Q

Metabolism of drugs

A

Primarily liver

Changes to inactive or less active metabolite

22
Q

Excretion of drugs

A

Primarily kidneys

Drug excreted from body

23
Q

Isozymes

A

Different forms of the same enzyme. Typical between genders

24
Q

Pharmacogenetics

A

Using a persons gene background to guide prescription

25
Q

Enteral Adminstration routes

A

Oral
Sublingual
Buccal
Rectal

26
Q

Parenteral Administration routes

A

Injection
Inhalation
Topical
Transdermal

27
Q

Bioavailability

A

Percent of the administered dose that appears in the bloodstream

28
Q

First pass effect

A

Some of the drug can be destroyed during the first pass through the liver

29
Q

Enzymes metabolize the drug via

A

Oxidation
Reduction
Hydrolysis
Conjugation

30
Q

Off-labeling

A

Prescription of a drug for a purpose that has not been approved by the FDA

31
Q

Active metabolites

A

Some metabolites can continue to exert effects and side effects for prolonged periods

32
Q

Half-life

A

Amount of time required for 50% of the active form of the drug to be eliminated