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TT284: block 2 - Web Architectures > Part 1 - Architectures > Flashcards

Part 1 - Architectures Flashcards

1
Q
A

what does the vendor and client manage in
traditional software deployment

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2
Q

because two pieces of software may have specific roles it is sometimes necessary to implement this between them so that the two original pieces of software do not go beyond their purpose or capabilities

A

describe
middleware

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3
Q

what does the vendor and client manage in
Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A
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4
Q

describe how cloud computing extends the idea of Service-oriented architecture (SOA)

A

this extends the idea of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) by being able to offer servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics and more over a network and not being limited to services

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5
Q

these include:
* Applications can be accessed over the web instead of being installed locally
* The service provider handles the entire application and hosting
* Users do not have to be concerned about software upgrades and patches
* the provider can provide scalable web applications using a multi-tiered architecture, implemented on a high-performance infrastructure.

A

give 4 advantages of
Software as a Service (SaaS)

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6
Q

this type of arhitecture would involve the user downloading all content and functionality of the application

A

describe a
Monolithic - single tier architecture

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7
Q
A

what does the vendor and client manage in
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

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8
Q

these include:
* Provides some functionality
* Reusable - Is packaged so it can be re used
* Is well defined - has a clear interface and outcome
* **Is self contained **- meaning it is complete and it can work independently, is not tied to any specific product, vendor or technology and so can be used by anyone
* **A black box **- the implementation of the service is hidden (encapsulated) the service consumer does not need to know anything about how it works only the service is offers
* Loose coupling - a failure in one service does not affect another service or the system it is part of, a service can be freely replaced or removed from the application

A

in the context of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) give 6 points that can summarise a service

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9
Q

**benefit: **how the client is implemented and maintained is no longer your burden

disadvantage: you cannot be sure which client a user is using. the only way to mitigate the uncertainty is to create the rest of your applications architecture using defined and agreed standards

A

with two-tier architecture and above.
who has control over the client tier

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10
Q
A

what does the vendor and client manage in
Software as a Service (SaaS)

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11
Q

what might the middle tier also be referred to as

A

this may also be referred to as the middleware.
when middleware is encountered it is likely that the architecture is multi tiered

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12
Q

these can be created by any 3rd party often called the service provider clients or the service consumer can discover these services via service registrys and use them within their own application

A

regarding Service-oriented architecture (SOA) how are services created and used

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13
Q

system architecture will take into account:
1. hardware components
2. network components
3. software components

whereas software architecture will break down how parts of the software will be broken down into components

A

describe the differences between
system architecture
vs
software architecture

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14
Q

these include:
* Software as a Service (SaaS)
* Platform as a Service (PaaS)
* Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A

what are the 3 main types of
cloud computing models

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15
Q

these include:
* on demand self service
* Broad network access
* Resource pooling
* Rapid elasticity
* Measured service

A

what are the 5 characteristics that the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) use to define cloud computing

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16
Q

within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic
Broad network access

A

The capabilities of the cloud can be accessed and used through a standard mechanism that is compatible with various devices such as mobile phones, tablets, workstations

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17
Q

describe the differences between
system architecture
vs
software architecture

A

system architecture will take into account:
1. hardware components
2. network components
3. software components

whereas software architecture will break down how parts of the software will be broken down into components

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18
Q

in 3 points define
architecture
in terms of the web

A
  1. high level view - this is a high level view of web applications and web services and displays the highest level components
  2. foundation - it is the foundation upon which an application or service will be built upon, meaning cahnges to this are hard later in the development
  3. the systems overal behaviour and interactionsby creating and viweing this we can understand the interaction between components, their behaviour and the overal behaviour of the system
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19
Q

Gives the consumer the ability to develop and deploy applications on top of cloud architecture. The provider may provide the OS, programming languages, libraries, services, and tools.

A

describe
Platform as a Service (PaaS)

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20
Q

within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic
Measured service

A

The provider uses an appropriate abstraction for the resource being used to measure how much of that resource has been used by the customer this can be monitored, controlled, audited, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. Billing can occur as a pay as you go or a fixed cost

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21
Q

in the context of an application design process describe
step 1 - architecture

A

this is Deciding on what high level components are needed, and which components communicate with which

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22
Q
  1. high level view - this is a high level view of web applications and web services and displays the highest level components
  2. foundation - it is the foundation upon which an application or service will be built upon, meaning cahnges to this are hard later in the development
  3. the systems overal behaviour and interactionsby creating and viweing this we can understand the interaction between components, their behaviour and the overal behaviour of the system
A

in 3 points define
architecture
in terms of the web

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23
Q

how does the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
**define cloud computing **

A

NIST define this as:
“a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”

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24
Q

these include:
* Currency converter
* Check customer credit
* Take customer payments
* Provide weather data
* Provide map data (google maps)

A

in the context of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) give 5 examples of what a service might be or offer

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25
Q

describe
Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A

Gives the consumer the ability to develop and deploy applications on top of cloud architecture. The provider may provide the OS, programming languages, libraries, services, and tools.

How well did you know this?
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26
Q

describe the
**thick client **
distribution type

A

for example it may perform calculations or any other manner of further processing on the data from the server

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27
Q

within a multi tiered architecture describe the role of a
data tier

A

this tier would be responsible for the storage of application and user data

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28
Q

what 2 other names is a client referred to as

A

this may be referred to as:
* the presentation layer
* the presentation tier

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29
Q

what 3 steps can application design be broken down into

A

this can be broken down into:
1. architecture
2. design
3. implementation

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30
Q

decsribe
Software as a Service (SaaS)

A

This provides the consumer with an application that runs on top of cloud architecture. The application can be accessed from a variety of devices. The client does not manage anything except perhaps user specific configuration

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31
Q

this tier would be responsible for the storage of application and user data

A

within a multi tiered architecture describe the role of a
data tier

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32
Q

The capabilities of the cloud can be accessed and used through a standard mechanism that is compatible with various devices such as mobile phones, tablets, workstations

A

within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic
Broad network access

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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33
Q

what are the 3 main types of
cloud computing models

A

these include:
* Software as a Service (SaaS)
* Platform as a Service (PaaS)
* Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

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34
Q

these include:
* acts as a central point for information and functionality
* Many clients can connect to it
* Can send/receive information from the client
* can hold secure information

A

give 4 points about a
server

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35
Q

what does the vendor and client manage in
traditional software deployment

A
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36
Q

give 4 points about a
client

A

these include:
* A common client is a web browser
* provides an interface for the user
* Can display information from the server
* Can pass information back to the server

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37
Q

in the context of an application design process describe
step 2 - design

A

Here we make choices about how the application works.
This requires loooking at each architecture component and start making choices.
Looking at the data tier, this could be choices such as what data we will hold and how it is stored

38
Q

describe a
Multi-tier architecture

A

This essentially takes the two-tier architecture one step further by subdividing the client and/or the server into further tiers or components

39
Q

a primary benefit of this is that its components can be easily swapped and changed this though requires that:
* Requires good use of standards
* Requires specific and limited interactions between the tiers
—
if implemented correctly there are many vendors that solve specific tiers, such as:
* Different browsers
* Different web servers
* Different databases
* Different middleware

A

what is an
advantage of multi tier architecture

40
Q

these include:
* A common client is a web browser
* provides an interface for the user
* Can display information from the server
* Can pass information back to the server

A

give 4 points about a
client

41
Q

for example it may perform calculations or any other manner of further processing on the data from the server

A

describe the
**thick client **
distribution type

42
Q

briefly describe
Service-oriented architecture (SOA)

A

this is a distributed architecture solution that breaks an application up into separate components, where each individual component offers a specific function often referred to as a service

43
Q

describe
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A

This allows the consumer to select the infrastructure they require such as processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources and then run their own software on top such as an OS or other software. Once the underlying infrastructure has been chosen it is the service provider who manages them

44
Q

this is made up of only two components being the client and the server, the client can request information from the server and display to the user

A

describe the
two-tier architecture

45
Q

Resources and capabilities can be provisioned and released in an elastic fashion. This can in some cases be arranged to happen automatically

A

within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic
Rapid elasticity

46
Q

this extends the idea of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) by being able to offer servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics and more over a network and not being limited to services

A

describe how cloud computing extends the idea of Service-oriented architecture (SOA)

47
Q

This provides the consumer with an application that runs on top of cloud architecture. The application can be accessed from a variety of devices. The client does not manage anything except perhaps user specific configuration

A

decsribe
Software as a Service (SaaS)

48
Q

within a multi tiered architecture describe the role of a
middle tier

A

this tier would be responsible for:
* retrieves data from data tier
* validates user data before passing it to the data tier
* perform any other business logic that the application requires

49
Q

this may also be referred to as the middleware.
when middleware is encountered it is likely that the architecture is multi tiered

A

what might the middle tier also be referred to as

50
Q

in the context of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) give 6 points that can summarise a service

A

these include:
* Provides some functionality
* Reusable - Is packaged so it can be re used
* Is well defined - has a clear interface and outcome
* **Is self contained **- meaning it is complete and it can work independently, is not tied to any specific product, vendor or technology and so can be used by anyone
* **A black box **- the implementation of the service is hidden (encapsulated) the service consumer does not need to know anything about how it works only the service is offers
* Loose coupling - a failure in one service does not affect another service or the system it is part of, a service can be freely replaced or removed from the application

51
Q

what does the vendor and client manage in
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A
52
Q

This essentially takes the two-tier architecture one step further by subdividing the client and/or the server into further tiers or components

A

describe a
Multi-tier architecture

53
Q

Here we start selecting products and languages that will fullfill the architecture and design choices

A

in the context of an application design process describe
step 3 - implementation

54
Q

within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic
Resource pooling

A

The provider has large resources which are pooled into a single resource and can be sliced up for the demands of individual users.

55
Q

describe the
two-tier architecture

A

this is made up of only two components being the client and the server, the client can request information from the server and display to the user

56
Q

give 4 advantages of
Software as a Service (SaaS)

A

these include:
* Applications can be accessed over the web instead of being installed locally
* The service provider handles the entire application and hosting
* Users do not have to be concerned about software upgrades and patches
* the provider can provide scalable web applications using a multi-tiered architecture, implemented on a high-performance infrastructure.

57
Q

describe a
Monolithic - single tier architecture

A

this type of arhitecture would involve the user downloading all content and functionality of the application

58
Q

this tier will simply handle connections with clients

A

within a multi tiered architecture describe the role of a
server tier

59
Q

This allows the consumer to select the infrastructure they require such as processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources and then run their own software on top such as an OS or other software. Once the underlying infrastructure has been chosen it is the service provider who manages them

A

describe
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

60
Q

this can be broken down into:
1. architecture
2. design
3. implementation

A

what 3 steps can application design be broken down into

61
Q

this tier would be responsible for:
* retrieves data from data tier
* validates user data before passing it to the data tier
* perform any other business logic that the application requires

A

within a multi tiered architecture describe the role of a
middle tier

62
Q

within a multi tiered architecture describe the role of a
server tier

A

this tier will simply handle connections with clients

63
Q
A

what does the vendor and client manage in
Platform as a Service (PaaS)

64
Q

with two-tier architecture and above.
who has control over the client tier

A

**benefit: **how the client is implemented and maintained is no longer your burden

disadvantage: you cannot be sure which client a user is using. the only way to mitigate the uncertainty is to create the rest of your applications architecture using defined and agreed standards

65
Q

this is Deciding on what high level components are needed, and which components communicate with which

A

in the context of an application design process describe
step 1 - architecture

66
Q

regarding Service-oriented architecture (SOA) how are services created and used

A

these can be created by any 3rd party often called the service provider clients or the service consumer can discover these services via service registrys and use them within their own application

67
Q

these include:
* thin client
* thick client

A

what are the two distribution types of a client

68
Q

give 3 disadvantages of client-server architectures

A

because the data is most likely being transmitted over a network this has the disadvantages of:
* Potentially slow speeds
* unreliable connection
* security issues

69
Q

what is an
advantage of multi tier architecture

A

a primary benefit of this is that its components can be easily swapped and changed this though requires that:
* Requires good use of standards
* Requires specific and limited interactions between the tiers
—
if implemented correctly there are many vendors that solve specific tiers, such as:
* Different browsers
* Different web servers
* Different databases
* Different middleware

70
Q

what are the two distribution types of a client

A

these include:
* thin client
* thick client

71
Q

what does the vendor and client manage in
Software as a Service (SaaS)

A
72
Q

this may be referred to as:
* the presentation layer
* the presentation tier

A

what 2 other names is a client referred to as

73
Q

give 4 benefits of
client-server architectures

A
  • dynamic content - Content can be dynamic and easily changed (vs downloading an entire app with all the data and functionality)
  • maintain control - Allows the application developers to maintain and control the application (vs a single app)
  • interchangable client - the client may change with no problems just as long as it can support the information the server gives to it(ie the client must be using the same standrads you are)
  • cost saving - where 3rd party clients are used
74
Q

describe
middleware

A

because two pieces of software may have specific roles it is sometimes necessary to implement this between them so that the two original pieces of software do not go beyond their purpose or capabilities

75
Q

The provider has large resources which are pooled into a single resource and can be sliced up for the demands of individual users.

A

within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic
Resource pooling

76
Q

NIST define this as:
“a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”

A

how does the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
**define cloud computing **

77
Q

within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic
On demand self service

A

The consumer can themselves provision and release resources such as server time and storage without requiring human interaction from the service provider

78
Q

give 4 points about a
server

A

these include:
* acts as a central point for information and functionality
* Many clients can connect to it
* Can send/receive information from the client
* can hold secure information

79
Q

within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic
Rapid elasticity

A

Resources and capabilities can be provisioned and released in an elastic fashion. This can in some cases be arranged to happen automatically

80
Q

in the context of an application design process describe
step 3 - implementation

A

Here we start selecting products and languages that will fullfill the architecture and design choices

81
Q

what are the 5 characteristics that the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) use to define cloud computing

A

these include:
* on demand self service
* Broad network access
* Resource pooling
* Rapid elasticity
* Measured service

82
Q

describe the
**thin client **
distribution type

A

this is a client that Simply acts as an interface for information. It makes requests to the server and only displays what the server has given it

83
Q

this is a client that Simply acts as an interface for information. It makes requests to the server and only displays what the server has given it

A

describe the
**thin client **
distribution type

84
Q

in the context of Service-oriented architecture (SOA) give 5 examples of what a service might be or offer

A

these include:
* Currency converter
* Check customer credit
* Take customer payments
* Provide weather data
* Provide map data (google maps)

85
Q

because the data is most likely being transmitted over a network this has the disadvantages of:
* Potentially slow speeds
* unreliable connection
* security issues

A

give 3 disadvantages of client-server architectures

86
Q
  • dynamic content - Content can be dynamic and easily changed (vs downloading an entire app with all the data and functionality)
  • maintain control - Allows the application developers to maintain and control the application (vs a single app)
  • interchangable client - the client may change with no problems just as long as it can support the information the server gives to it(ie the client must be using the same standrads you are)
  • cost saving - where 3rd party clients are used
A

give 4 benefits of
client-server architectures

87
Q

Here we make choices about how the application works.
This requires loooking at each architecture component and start making choices.
Looking at the data tier, this could be choices such as what data we will hold and how it is stored

A

in the context of an application design process describe
step 2 - design

88
Q

The consumer can themselves provision and release resources such as server time and storage without requiring human interaction from the service provider

A

within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic
On demand self service

89
Q

this is a distributed architecture solution that breaks an application up into separate components, where each individual component offers a specific function often referred to as a service

A

briefly describe
Service-oriented architecture (SOA)

90
Q

The provider uses an appropriate abstraction for the resource being used to measure how much of that resource has been used by the customer this can be monitored, controlled, audited, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. Billing can occur as a pay as you go or a fixed cost

A

within the context of cloud computing define the characteristic
Measured service

TT284: block 2 - Web Architectures (5 decks)

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