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Textiles > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of natural fibres?

A
  • plant (cellulose/ vegetable)

- Animal (protein)

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2
Q

Name three examples of natural fibres made from cellulose

A
  • cotton
  • linen
  • ramie
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3
Q

What is the source of cellulose fibres?

A
  • formed through photosynthesis

- composed of glucose polymer which is cellulose

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4
Q

Name additional cellulose fibre examples

A
  • hemp
  • bamboo
  • jute
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5
Q

Name two examples of protein fibres

A
  • wool ( sheep, goats, rabbits)

- silk (silkworms, spiders)

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6
Q

What is the source of protein fibres?

A
  • food taken in by animals is transformed into fibres forming protein
  • compose of the protein
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7
Q

Natural fibres are staple fibres what is the only exception to this?

A

Silk which is a Filament fibre

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8
Q

What are the two types of man made fibres?

A
  • regenerated- made from wood pulp or cotton waste

- synthetic - made from petroleum such as coal and oil

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9
Q

What is a regenerated fibre?

A

A fibre which is man made but also made from cellulosic fibres (pants).

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10
Q

What is a synthetic fibre?

A

A fibre made from synthetic polymers based on oil.

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11
Q

What are the two categories of regenerated fibres?

A

Regenerated fibres

New generation Lyocell fibres

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12
Q

Name two examples of regenerated fibres and their source.

A
  • viscose made from wood pulp

- acetate made from cotton waste

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13
Q

Name two examples of the new generation lyocell fibres

A
  • lyocell which is stain resistant

- modal

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14
Q

What is the source of regenerated fibres?

A

Cellulose extracted from wood pulp and chemically treated.

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15
Q

What is the source of the new generation lyocell fibres?

A

More environmentally friendly- cellulose harvested from Syrian my grown trees. Some of the fibres are produced on a closed loop system- reuses chemicals needed to modify the cellulose.

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16
Q

Name five examples of synthetic fibres and what materials they can be made into.

A
  • polyamides( nylon, tactel (microfibre) and supplex - aramid fibres are high performance polyamides ( Kevlar and nomex)
  • polyester ( trevira (microfibre) polartec (polar fleece)
  • polyacrylic (acrylic)
  • elastomeric fibres ( elastane ( Lycra)- elasticicity property. Only a small amount is needed to give a stretch. The fibres form the core of core spun yarns used to produce stretch yarns and stretch fabrics.
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17
Q

What are polymers?

A

Polymers are very long molecules. All fibres have large polymers which lie alongside each other and are bonded together.

18
Q

What type of polymers is used in natural fibres?

A

Plant and animal fibres are constructed from natural polymers.

19
Q

What type of polymers are used to construct regenerated fibres?

A

Cellulose man made fibres are formed from natural polymers of cellulose fibres.the cellulose is dissolved and passed through spinning jets.

20
Q

What type of polymer is used to construct synthetic fibres?

A

Synthetic man made fibres are made from petroleum products their polymers are formed synthetically or artificially.

21
Q

What are inorganic fibres?

A

Inorganic fibres are another type of man made fibre which is created from natural elements. After being processed at high speeds they are transformed into fibres

22
Q

Examples of inorganic fibres

A

Glass
Carbon
Metallic
Ceramic

23
Q

What are smart materials?

A

Smart materials are another type of man made fibres which react to an external stimuli/ change in environment without human intervention. Once the stimuli changes it reverts back to its original form.

24
Q

What are examples of smart materials?

A

Reactive materials-thermochromics
Photochromic materials- respond to change in light
Phase changing materials- ability to absorb, store and release body heat. Outlast, a small fabric used in sport wear.

25
Q

What are modern materials/ technical textiles?

A

New materials that have been developed through new technology. They are not smart materials because they don’t react to external stimuli.

26
Q

Examples of modern materials/ technical textiles

A
  • microfibres- extremely fine fibres such as tactel or trevira
  • microwncapsulation
    -Gore-tex
  • Kevlar and nomex
    Nano fibres- finer then microfibres. Recent development such as anti- stick or select cleaning fibres
27
Q

What are fibres?

A

Fibres are ver fine hair like threads and are the basic building block of fabrics. They are all made up of atoms that are joined together to make molecules.

28
Q

What are molecules?

A

Molecules are made up of atoms. Molecules link together to form long chains called polymers.

29
Q

How can fibres make yarn?

A

Fibres must be twisted or spun together to make yarn before they can be made into woven or knitted fabric.

30
Q

Fibres can be short or long. What are the names of these types of fibres.

A
  • staple and filament.
    Staple fibres are short and hairy. They range from a few centimetres in cotton, to almost a metre in linen and ramie. Most natural fibres are staple fibres.
    Filament fibres are smooth very long continuous length.synthetic fibres are continuous in length filament as they can be manufactured to any length .
31
Q

What are other sustainable alternatives to cotton which are being found by technologists?

A

Bamboo, pineapple, banana leaf fibres

32
Q

Name characteristics of cellulosic fibres.

A

Strong
Good at absorbing water
Take a long time to dry
Take dye well
Not subjected to static electricity
Can be washed and ironed at high temperatures without damage.
Cool to wear in hot conditions- do not trap air- not thermal insulators.
Coast ribbon structure of cotton- doesn’t reflect light- appears dull.
Linen- regular shape- looks shiny/ lustrous
Crease badly
Shrink
Easily set alight

33
Q

Characteristics of wool protein fibre

A

Soft and warm
Natural crimp- trap air
Doesn’t crease easily- crimp allows it to stretch then return to the original length.
Naturally water repellent- if subjected to heavy wetting will absorb water.
Good at absorbing moisture- can absorb 30% of it weight without feeling wet.

34
Q

Characteristic of silk protein fibre

A

Lightweight
Smooth
Shape gives it a natural lustre.
Very strong- weak when wet- carful when washing
Warm and absorbent- feel nice next to skin
Natural elasticity but creases badly

35
Q

What does the property of textile materials depend on?

A

What fibres are used e.g natural, synthetic, regenerated.

And the way that the fabrics are made ( bonded, knitted, woven) and finished ( stain resistant added- fences) (brushes?)

36
Q

What functional properties are important in materials?

A 
Strength 
Resistance to abrasion 
Absorbency 
Ability to insulate
Elasticity 
Drape
Stiffness
Flammability 
Easy care
Colour fastness 
Heat set ( pleats)

In some products the aesthetic of the fabric is more important then it’s function. Aesthetic is about personal taste.

37
Q

How does cost effect whether a fabric is appropriate or not?

A

The cost may do state whether a fabric is appropriate for a specific application, especially in manufacture while also making a profit.
Some are more difficult to make so will cost more. Silk and wool more expensive then cotton. Complex weaving and knitting will be costlier as will special finishes put on to fabric. Some are scarcer.

38
Q

How does manufacture impact the choice of fabric?

A

Lurxury used for a bespoke outfit maybe for a celeb.

Special manufacturing techniques or equipment may mean they certain fabrics are inappropriate.

39
Q

How does disposal of materials affect the fabric choice?

A

Concerns about the environment impacts the materials that produces are made from and whether or not they are sustainable, can be recycled or are biodegradable.

New developments in the source and processing of a textile materials are helping to make textiles produces less damaging when disposed of.

Designers need to take these factors into account when putting together a fabric spec and selecting fabric labels for a product.

40
Q

Examples of natural hair/ protein fibres ( a level)

A

Cashmere
Mohair
Angora

41
Q

Why do regenerated fibres have to be chemically treated?

A

Because they are too short to be spun into yarn so they have to modify the cellulose so it can be made into fibre.

42
Q

What happens each time regenerated fibres are developed?

A

They develop in strength, softness and crease resistance

Textiles (1 decks)

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