Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chest > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

If you see an abnormal non skeletal area that you think should be investigated how should you proceed?

A

Special procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 special procedures ?

A

Ultrasonography (diagnostic ultrasound), contrast media studies, and CT (with or w out contrast)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 5 things that we can see on film (water density outlined by oil density) >

A

Kidneys, spleen, liver, bladder, psoas muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are of the kidneys can we see?

A

Upper, lower poles, and lateral boarders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What part of the spleen can we see?

A

Lower and maybe a little medial broader

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What part of the liver can we see?

A

Lower boarder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What part of the bladder can we see?

A

Upper and lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the psoas can we see?

A

Lateral borders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 causes for non visualization of tissues?>/

A
  1. Blurred from patient motion
  2. Superimposed gas and fecal material
  3. Adjacent fluid
  4. Absence ( congenital or surgical )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 2 reasons for structures appearing smaller than normal?

A

Underdeveloped or atrophied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are reasons for structures appearing larger than normal? (4)

A

Engorged, tumorous or swollen, overdeveloped (compensation probably)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the rarest type of habitus ?

A

Hypersthenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the organ positions of someone with a hypersthenic body type?

A

More transverse and highly placed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the second rarest habitus?

A

Asthenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the position of organs/shape of someone with an asthenic type of body?

A

Has a very narrow thorax and abdomen. Most of their gear hangs low into the pelvic region, and their transverse colons and stomachs are often crowded into the pelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the 2nd most common type of habitus ?

A

Hyposthenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most common type of habitus?

A

Sthenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What percent of the population has a sthenic body type?

A

48%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What percent of people have a hyposthenic body type?

A

35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What percent of ppl have a asthenic body type?

A

12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What percent of people have a hypersthenic body type?

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what would find in the RUQ?

A

Liver, right kidney, part of the right psoas muscle, hepatic flexure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What would you find in the LUQ?

A

Spleen, left kidney, part of the right psoas muscle, and splenic flexure,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What would you find in the RLQ> ?

A

Lower part of the right psoas muscle, cecum, and right part of the bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What would you ind in the LLQ?

A

Left part of the bladder and sigmoid colon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a conduits?

A

Track like or tubular have linear streaks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the etiology of atherosclerosis of the aorta?

A

Linked to elevated cholesterol and triglycerides but is unknown.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How does atherosclerosis of the aorta appear?

A

2 parallel lines (conduits tracks or tram track appearance).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Is the tract seen in atherosclerosis of the aorta continuous or not?

A

It is usually discontinuous (may be continuous in advanced cases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the normal diameter of the abdominal aorta?

A

1 inch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What age is atherosclerosis of the aorta common?

A

50 and up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A vertebral body on an AP film normally is a little more than ___times bigger than aorta

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How are aneurysms classified?

A

1st by location, 2nd by shape, 3rd is true or false.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does true mean when talking about abdominal aorta?

A

Dilation of an artery including the intimal layer and false means a dissection causing dilation of the arterial layers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What % of abdominal aortas demonstrate a calcific rim?

A

75-86%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are most abdominal aortic aneurysms caused by?

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What sex, ethnisisty and age are abdominal aortas common?

A

85% dudes, 90% whities, 50 and up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Are most abdominal aortic aneurysims fusiform or saccular?

A

80% fusiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What spinal location are AAA found?

A

Between the 2nd and 4th lumbars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What blood vessels are AAA found?

A

Renal and common iliac arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

On an AP film where are AAA found?

A

To the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

__cm usually don’t rupture but 10% of those will?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

__cm usually do rupture, this being the PEAK incident?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are 3 changes seen on a radiograph for a AAA?

A

Marked change in location of calcific plaques, soft tissue mass, loss of psoas muscle or kidney shadow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Are anterior vertebral body erosions common in AAA?

A

No dude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

If anterior vertebral body calcification is seen in a AAA what is it called?

A

Corticated concave defect

47
Q

Are AAA usually symptomatic ?

A

No, nothing 75% of the time

48
Q

What are symptoms (3) of AAA?

A

Low back pain that may radiate, abdominal pain, flake pain

49
Q

The presence of pain in a AAA is called what?

A

Signals seepage called pending rupture

50
Q

What are clinical findings that may make you suspisous of a AAA?

A

Bruit, palpable (90% of the time) , decrease in pedal pulse

51
Q

Common iliac arteries Atherosclerosis and aneurysms are seen where on the spine?

A

L4- sacrum

52
Q

For a iliac arterie aneurysms what size should it not exceed?

A

1.5 cm

53
Q

Splenic artery atherosclerosis or aneurysms usually present as what/

A

Serpiginous (wavy/tortuous)

54
Q

Splenic artery Aneurysims are usually seen in______over the age of______

A

Dudes, 50

55
Q

If the person is under 50 and has a splenic artery aneurysms they are what?

A

Prob a girl (common in preg)

56
Q

Most splenic artery Aneurysms in females are________?

A

Saccular

57
Q

What sign is usually seen with splenic artery aneurysms ?

A

Rim

58
Q

Where in the spine are renal artery aneurysms found?

A

L1-L3

59
Q

What are calcified venous thrombi?

A

Phleboliths

60
Q

Where are phleboliths commonly seen?

A

Usually close to the pelvic rim below the ischial spines

61
Q

Besides the pelvic rim below the Ishial spines where Elise are phleboliths common?

A

In scrotal veins interior to the symphysis pubis

62
Q

Phleboliths are commonly seen in ______________of soft tissue structures?

A

Hemangioma

63
Q

Should phleboliths be midline?

A

No

64
Q

What can cause phleboliths to shift inferiorly ?

A

Distended bladder

65
Q

_________MOVE_________DONT

A

Stones, phleboliths

66
Q

Where are kidney stones collected?

A

Pelvic-calaceal system

67
Q

What percent of kidney stones can be seen on plain film ?

A

80/90

68
Q

How would you describe kidney stones?

A

Small HOMOGENEOUSLY DENSE STRUCTRES (no lucent centers

69
Q

What are the common shapes of kidney stones?

A

Round, oval, irregular, often with a peak

70
Q

On the lateral film calculi will overlie the spine often over what ?

A

Posterior aspect of the VB

71
Q

What symptom is common in kidney stones?

A

low back pain

72
Q

Urinar calculi that remain in the kidney are usually painful? T or F

A

FALSE

73
Q

When calcium filled the fall es and renal pelvis what is this called?

A

Staghorn calculi

74
Q

What percent of urethral calculi are viable?

A

80-90%

75
Q

What is the shape of urethral calculi?

A

Homogenous and oval

76
Q

What are the normal size of urethral calculi ?

A

1-3cm

77
Q

Where are the 3 locations where urethral calculi most commonly lodge?

A

L1 -l3 paraspinally at the pelvicourethral junction, brim of the pelvis, within 1 in of the ishcal spine superiory at the vesicourethral junction, which is the most common

78
Q

Is passing a stone usually asymtomatic?

A

No

79
Q

___% of urethral calculi pass spontaneously in ____to_____days?

A

93%, 3-4

80
Q

What percent of bladder (vesical) calculi are see on plain film?

A

80=90

81
Q

Bladder are stones are usually large but can be overlooked when______?

A

Smalll

82
Q

Bladder stores are usually what shapes?

A

Round, oval, stellate (jackstone)

83
Q

What is the most common cause for bladder stones?

A

Urinary stasis, or infection

84
Q

In what population are bladder stones seen?

A

98% old white dudes

85
Q

Where are bladder stones usually located?

A

Supra pubic region closer to midline

86
Q

Bladder stone could be found fighter or laterally positioned due to what?

A

Prostatic hypertrophy

87
Q

What position are bladder stores due to prostatic hypertrophy or carcinoma?

A

Superiority

88
Q

How do nephrocalcinosis appear?

A

Small clumps of stippled (punctuate) calcifications in the kidney parenchyma

89
Q

95% of nephrocalcnosis are located where?

A

Medullary

90
Q

5% of neprocalcinosis are located where?

A

Coral

91
Q

Are neprocalcinosis usually unilateral or bilateral, singular or widespread?

A

Bilateral, and wide spread.

92
Q

What percent on gallstones are radiopaque?

A

10-20%

93
Q

Are positive gasstones more common seen that kidney stones especially in chiropractic practice?

A

Yes

94
Q

Are there usually one or multiple gall stores and what is the orientation?

A

Mult, farted, with peripheral rim calfication

95
Q

Old gallstones are often_____?

A

Lamented (like a trees rings)

96
Q

In GB stones lucent internal branding cracks filled with nitrogen gas may be seen, this is called what?

A

Mercedes benz or crow food sign

97
Q

When do you see the Mercedes benz sign?

A

When old BG stones shrink and dehydrate

98
Q

What quadrant would you find GB stones?

A

RUQ

99
Q

On the lateral film are GB stones anterior or posterior to the spine?

A

Anterior

100
Q

Are gallstones usually symptomatic ?

A

No

101
Q

Small GB stones smaller that ___CM can pass easily.

A

5

102
Q

When will the patient feel pain with a gall stone?

A

Recurrent stones, obstruction of duct (cystic duct), perforation of the gab wal with fistula.

103
Q

What are pneumobilia /.

A

Gas in the ducts

104
Q

What is it called if a call stone causes a bowl obstruction ?

A

Gall stone ileus

105
Q

Do most Gb carcinomas have stones?

A

Yes

106
Q

With milk of calcium bile how does the gallbladder appear?

A

Very dense like you’re doing a contrast exam

107
Q

What films help with a milk of calcium bile?

A

Upright

108
Q

What is seen on a upright film looking at milk of calcium bile ?

A

Horizontal fluid level

109
Q

What is the cause of porcelain or petrified GB?

A

Unknown maybe dude to chronic cholecystits

110
Q

What is seen in porcelain GB?

A

Thin linear calficaiton in the muscular wall or submucosal layer of the gb

111
Q

What is the shape of the calcination in porcelain GB?

A

Pear shaped, oval moraine

112
Q

What duct may be obstructive in porcelain GB?

A

Cystic

113
Q

In porcelain GB what is the significance?

A

Carcinoma occur in 20%

Chest (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions