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ICND1 > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Same-layer interaction

A

2 PCs who use a protocol to communicate on the same layer

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2
Q

Adjacent-layer interaction

A

On a single PC. One layer provides a service to a higher layer, depending on what the software or hardware at the higher layer asked for.

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3
Q

Segment

A

Transport layer

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4
Q

Packet

A

Network layer

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5
Q

Frame

A

Link layer

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6
Q

OSI Layering benefits

A
  • Less Complex
  • Standard interfaces
  • Easier to learn
  • Easier to develop
  • Multivvendor interoperability
  • Modular engineering
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7
Q

10BASE-T and 100BASE-T Pin Pairs Used - Transmits on 1,2

A

PC NICs, Routers, Wireless AP

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8
Q

10BASE-T and 100BASE-T Pin Pairs Used - Transmits on 3,6

A

Hubs & Switches

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9
Q

Crossover cable

A

If the endpoints transmit on the same pin pair (Hubs & Switches)

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10
Q

Straight through cable

A

If the endpoints transmit on different pin pairs (PC NICs, Routers, Wireless AP)

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11
Q

MAC addresses

A

Media Access Control addresses are 6-byte-long (48-bit-long) binary numbes, most list as 12 digit hexadecimal numbers.

Before a product can have an ethernet port it must ask the IEEE to assign them a universally unique 3 byte code. (OUI)

Mac addresses consist of 2 parts, one from OUI and one vendor assigned

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12
Q

MAC represent

A

MAC represent a single NIC or ethernet port. These addresses are often called a unicast ethernet address.

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13
Q

MAC address issues

A

MAC works well providing its unique, because if someone has a the same there will obv be confusion

If two have same address, ethernet will solve this using an admin process

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14
Q

Half-duplex

A

Device must wait to send if receiving as frame, cant send and receive at same time

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15
Q

Full duplex

A

Can send and receive at the same time

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16
Q

IP Addresses and routers

A

All IP addresses in the same group must not be separated from each other by a router

IP addresses separated from each other by a router must be in different groups

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17
Q

Class A IP address - Networks and HPN

A

Networks: 126

Hosts per network: 16,777,214

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18
Q

Class B IP address - Networks and HPN

A

Networks: 16,384

Hosts per network: 65,534

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19
Q

Class C IP address - Networks and HPN

A

Networks: 2,097,152

Hosts per network: 254

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20
Q

Routing protocol goals

A
  • Dynamically learn and fill routing table with a route to each subnet in the internetwork
  • If more than one route available, choose the best one
  • Notice and remove non valid routes
  • If a route is removed, and another is available through another router, add this route to table
  • To work quick when adding new routes or replacing lost routes
  • Prevent routing loops
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21
Q

Basic DNS Name Resolution Request

A
  • Click a page (e.g google.com)
  • Connects to DNS server to find IP of google.com
  • Returns the IP of google.com to host
22
Q

ARP

A
  • Discovers MAC addresses and caches them
  • IP packets have IP address but not the physical address
  • Sends out “If t his is your iP address please reply with your MAC address”
23
Q

TCP/IP Transport Layer Features - Multiplexing using ports

A

Function that allows receiving hosts to choose the correct application for which the data is destined, based on the port number

24
Q

TCP/IP Transport Layer Features - Error recovery (reliability)

A

Numbering and acknowledging data with sequence and acknowledgement header fields

25
Q

TCP/IP Transport Layer Features - Flow control using windowing

A

Flow control is the process of managing the rate of data transmission between two nodes to prevent a fast sender from overwhelming a slow receiver.
It provides a mechanism for the receiver to control the transmission speed, so that the receiving node is not overwhelmed with data from transmitting node.

A method of flow control in which a receiver gives a transmitter permission to transmit data until a window is full. When the window is full, the transmitter must stop transmitting until the receiver advertises a larger window.

26
Q

TCP/IP Transport Layer Features - Connection establishment and termination

A

Process used to initialize port numbers and Seq and Ack fields

27
Q

TCP/IP Transport Layer Features - Ordered data transfer and data segmentation

A

Continuous stream of bytes from an upper layer process, that is segmented fro transmission and delivered to upper layer processes at the receiving device, with bytes in same order

28
Q

Ports - FTP data

A

20 (TCP)

29
Q

Ports - FTP control

A

21 (TCP)

30
Q

Ports - SSH

A

22 (TCP)

31
Q

Ports - Telnet

A

23 (TCP)

32
Q

Ports - SMTP

A

25 (TCP)

33
Q

Ports - DNS

A

53 (UDP, TCP)

34
Q

Ports - DHCP Server

A

67 (UDP)

35
Q

Ports - DHCP Client

A

68 (UDP)

36
Q

Ports - TFTP

A

69 (UDP)

37
Q

Ports - HTTP (WWW)

A

80 (TCP)

38
Q

Ports - POP3

A

110 (TCP)

39
Q

Ports - SNMP

A

161 (UDP)

40
Q

Ports - SSL

A

443 (TCP)

41
Q

Ports - Syslog

A

514 (UDP)

42
Q

3-way handshake

A

SYN
SYN, ACK
ACK

43
Q

4-way TCP connection termination

A

Uses FIN bit (short for finished

ACK, FIN
ACK
ACK, FIN
ACK

44
Q

Connection-oriented protocol

A

A protocol that requires an exchange of messages before data transfer begins, or that has a required pre-established correlation between two endpoints.

45
Q

Connectionless protocol

A

A protocol that does not requrie an exchange of messages and that does not require a pre-established correlation between two endpoints.

46
Q

Identify next header

A

Figure 5-15

47
Q

TCP benefits

A
  • Provides a variety of services to application
  • Provides Error recovery
  • Helps to avoid congestion
  • Reliability
48
Q

TCP cons

A
  • 20 byte frame instead of UDPs 8 bytes
  • Requires more bandwith and processing power
  • Unnesescary in situations such as VoIP and streaming
49
Q

UDP benefits

A
  • Benefits applications that are tolerant of data loss
  • 8 bytes compared to TCPs 20 byte frames
  • Simply less work to do
50
Q

UDP cons

A
  • No reliability
  • No windowing
  • No reordering of recieved data
  • No segmentation of large chunks

ICND1 (1 decks)

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