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Inhalation and exhalation > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pressure?

A

The force created by movement and collision of gas molecules

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2
Q

Halving the volume will increase pressure. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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3
Q

What does Charles law state?

A

It states that the volume occupied by gas is related to temperature.

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4
Q

What does Henry’s law state?

A

Amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is determine by the pressure of gas

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5
Q

What does Dalton’s law state?

A

Total pressure in a gas mixture is equals to the sum of pressures of individual gases

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6
Q

What does Boyle’s law state?

A

Pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to its volume

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7
Q

What are the units for pressure in lungs?

A

cmH20

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8
Q

Inhalation is not an active process. TRUE OF FALSE?

A

FALSE

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9
Q

Exhalation can be both ACTIVE OR PASSIVE. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Exhalation causes lungs to return to its resting position. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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11
Q

Describe the events of Inspiration

A
  1. Brain signals phrenic nerve
  2. Phrenic nerve causes diaphragm to contract
  3. When diaphragm contracts it flattens (moves down)
  4. This causes thoracic cavity to increase in volume
  5. When volume increases the pressure inside the thoracic cavity decreases
  6. As a result air moves into the lungs, from a higher atmospheric concentration to a lower pressure inside the lungs.
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12
Q

When alveolar pressure is negative air flows inside lungs? TRUE OF FALSE?

A

TRUE

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13
Q

What happens when alveolar pressure becomes equal to atmospheric pressure?

A

Air stops flowing into the lungs

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14
Q

What is Intrapulmonary pressure?

A

It is the pressure within the lungs that is achieved by increasing the volume (size) of the lungs.

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15
Q

Air does not moves in and out of the lungs in response to pressure.TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE

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16
Q

Further expansion of the lungs is prevented by having air inside the lungs, when you exhale lungs do not completely empty. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

17
Q

What are the muscles involved in quiet inhalation?

A

External intercostal muscles
Scalenes
Pectorias minor
stemocleidomastoid

18
Q

During forceful exhalation, intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles contract. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

19
Q

Describe the event of exhalation?

A

Phrenic nerve signals stops which stops contraction of diaphragm
The diaphragm moves up into the chest
Thoracic volume decreases which increases pressure
The intrapulmonary pressure increases because the pressure has decreased
Air flows out of the lungs to lower atmospheric pressure

20
Q

When alveolar pressure is positive, air moves out of the lungs. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

21
Q

Muscles of inspiration contract which causes negative pressure and draws air in. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

22
Q

What two forces that equalises pressure in the lungs?

A

Active muscular and passive gravity & elastic recoil

23
Q

What is elastic recoil?

A

It is the ability of an object after its shape has been changed from forces to reclaim its original shape once those have been removed.

24
Q

What are the types of tissues that elastic recoil works on?

A

Any type of tissue including muscles, bones and organs

25
Q

What are the two determinants of lung compliance?

A

Elasticity and surface tension forces

26
Q

What is the equation for compliance?

A

Change in lung volume/transpulmonary pressure

27
Q

With a High lung compliance a small increase in the pulmonary pressure will lead to a significant increase in lung volume and vice versa for low lung compliance. IS THE STATEMENT TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

28
Q

What is interpleural pressure?

A

It is a function of how much pull there is in the interpleural fluid as the muscles and ribs expand and pull on tissue.

29
Q

What are the differences in pressures and volume in inspiration and expiration?

A

Inspiration -

  1. Lung volume increases
  2. Alveolar pressure increases
  3. Pleural pressure decreases

Expiration -

  1. Lung volume decreases
  2. Alveolar pressure decreases
  3. Pleural pressure increases
30
Q

Accessory respiratory muscles are activated when respiration increases significantly. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

31
Q

What are the three different types of ways the THORAX increases?

A

Vertical
Transverse
Anter-posterior

32
Q

Where does transverse lateral happens?

A

at the rib cage

33
Q

What does the Anterposterior do?

A

It increases the size of the cavity from the upper chest, from sternum

34
Q

What is tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume?

A

Tidal volume - volume of air breathed in in one breath

Inspiratory reserve volume - The amount of air brought into the lungs when inhaling deeply

35
Q

What is residual volume?

A

Amount of air in the alveoli that prevents the lungs from collapsing

36
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

It is the amount of air exhaled in addition to tidal volume

Inhalation and exhalation (1 decks)

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