Part#1

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The way that speech sounds form patterns

Question 2

Phonemes

Answer 2

The smallest unit of sound that affects meaning

Distinguishes words ex: “pin” and “bin”, initial letter sound distinguishes these words

Question 3

Pitch

Answer 3

Helps determine the context or meaning of words or a series of words.

Question 4

What happens when pitch changes?

Answer 4

Pitch changes meaning and could change phrases/sentences into statements or questions based on pitch or where intonation falls.

Question 5

Stress

Answer 5

Can occur at a word or phrase level. Stress can could be used to emphasis the person, action, or on object of the action that is being spoken about.

Question 6

Word level (Stress)

Answer 6

Different stress on the syllable of a word can modify the meaning

Question 7

Sentence level (stress)

Answer 7

can be used to vary meaning

Question 8

Morphology

Answer 8

The process of how words of a language are formed to create meaning

Question 9

Morpheme

Answer 9

the smallest unit of language that holds meaning (ex: root word, prefix, suffix)

Question 10

Prefix

Answer 10

appears in the front of the root or base word and can alter meaning of the root or base word.

Question 11

Suffix

Answer 11

is a letter or letters, which are added to the end of the word and can alter the tense or meaning of the root or base word.

Question 12

Why is it important for ELLs to learn about roots, prefixes, and suffixes?

Answer 12

Learning prefixes and suffixes helps ELLS to decode unfamiliar words.

Question 13

Syntax

Answer 13

the order in which words are arranges to create meaning

Question 14

What does syntax also refers to?

Answer 14

Syntax refers to the rules for creating correct sentence patterns for sentence structures.

Question 15

Interlanguage

Answer 15

temporary transitional language used by language learners who are in the process of learning a target language.

Question 16

Why is interlanguage used by ELLs?

Answer 16

interlanguage is a strategy that second language learner use to compensate for their lack of proficiency, while learning a second language.

Question 17

L1 transfer/ L1 interference

Answer 17

occurs when a learners primary language influences their progress in L2. Pronunciations , grammar, structures, vocabulary, and semantics are commonly affected.

Question 18

Simplification

Answer 18

The practice of modifying language to facilitate comprehension. Refers to the L2 learner using resources that require limited vocabulary to aid comprehension and allow the learner to listen, read, and speak in the target language.

Question 19

Fossilization

Answer 19

When the progress or growth in the acquisition of a target language stops despite repeated effort.

Question 20

Change in register

Answer 20

How language is used in a particular situation. Register change depends on sociolinguistics variables like formal situation, attitude towards a topic, attitude towards listeners, relationship of speaker to others

Question 21

Academic discourse

Answer 21

formal academic learning (includes 4 skills: listening, reading, speaking, and writing)

Question 22

What are the two types of language proficiency

Answer 22

1. Basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS)

2. Cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP)

Question 23

Basic Interpersonal communication skills (BICS)

Answer 23

Can be acquire within 2-5 years of language learning

Question 24

Cognitive academic language proficiency

Answer 24

Can take 4-7 years to acquire. A lot of factors influence CALP proficiency such as age, language proficiency level,
literacy in the first language.

Question 25

Dialect

Answer 25

complete system of verbal communication with its own vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar

Question 26

Silent period

Answer 26

stage were learner is uncomfortable with producing speech. At this stage a learner knows about 500 receptive words.

Question 27

Private period (Early production Stage)

Answer 27

Stage were the learners uses simple responses (yes/no), . At this stage learner knows about 1,00 receptive words

Question 28

Lexical Chunks (speech emergence stage)

Answer 28

Stage were learner can communicate using short phrases and sentences. Long sentences can typically have grammatical errors. At this stage learner knows 3,000 receptive words.

Question 29

Formulaic Speech (Intermediate language proficiency stage)

Answer 29

Stage were learner begins to make complex statements, state opinions, ask for clarifications, share and speak at great length.

Question 30

Simplified speech (advance proficiency stage)

Answer 30

stage were learner has developed a level of fluency and can make semantic and grammar generalization.

Question 31

Cognitive strategies

Answer 31

vital for second language acquisition. Cognitive strategies include practicing, receiving and sending messages, analyzing and reasoning.

Question 32

Total physical Response (TPR)

Answer 32

command driven instructional technique that is a useful tool in the early developmental stages