part 1 Flashcards
what is the Transport planning
Concepts for road and rail networks (new, redesign and elimination)
Consider future mobility needs
Prepare facts to negotiate between politics, administration and society
Interdisciplinary work, communication, mathematical/systematic thinking,
creativity
Transport planning: looking at forecasts from the past
Road design
Fitting road environmentally acceptable into existing landscape
Consideration of design parameters (sight distance, radius of curves,
gradient, …) -> guidelines
Road must fit functional needs of the network
Sustainable roads, environmentally friendly and accepted by society
3D-thinking, feeling for nature and landscape, software
literate, CAD-design
what is the traffic control ?
Operate traffic safely and within capacity
Develop new traffic control algorithms
Apply mathematical methods, control theory, software design and
application
Austria exports traffic engineering / ITS technology
Mathematical, systematic thinking, innovation
- Mobility and some statistics of transport
what is planning ?
Planning :
the identification of shortcomings and the development of measures to overcome them
Plan:
result of planning; will reach legal status after descion on political level with a concept of implementation
Pareto-Optimum:
A measure should be implemented, if at least one person benefits from the measure and if no single person experiences a loss from the measure.
Kaldor-Hicks-Criterion:
A measure should be implemented, if the benefits of the winners exceed the
losses of the losers so that a surplus remains.
slide 25 for graph
- Mobility and some statistics of transport
What is transport planning
Traffic:
Realized change of location of persons, goods, data and energy
Transport:
movement of people and goods from one location to another.
Transport planning:
Investigation of spatial and temporal generation of changes in location (trips) on all transport infrastructure within a planning area
Major objectives of transport planning:
Transport availability that the desire to participate in cultural, economic and business activities can be satisfied for all members of a society;
guarentee of the trip is not as important as the possibility than the possibility to change activities
Gurantee that goods, data and energy can be exchanged
Consideration of effects of traffic:
Protection of resources (energy, land, ….)
Minimization of negative environmental impact (air pollution, toxic
processes, noise)
Mobility and some statistics of transport
Person related measures
Trip
Movement of a person to get from the location of activity 1 to location of
activity 2
Movement of goods to get from one production location to another production or trade location
Person related measures
Out-of-home ratio (mobility rate)
[%]:
Share of mobile inhabitants based on the total number of inhabitants. A
person is said to be “mobile”, if she/he leaves home at least once at the
day of survey. The trip distance has to exceed 200m.
Person related measures
Number of activities
[activities/(P*d)]:
Number of activities done outside of home of a mobile person
Person related measures
Mobility rate
[trips/(P*d)]:
Number of trips of a person travelled on the survey day
Person related measures
Trip time budget
[min/(P*d)]:
Duration of all trips travelled on the survey day
Person related measures
Daily trip length
Sum of all trip distances of a person or mobile person during one day
Person related measures
Trip duration
[min/trip]:
Average duration of a trip including access and egress time (“door-todoor”
travel time)
Person related measures
Trip length
[km/trip]:
Average distance of a trip
Person related measures
Trip speed, travel speed
(“door-to-door travel speed) [km/h]:
(trip length) devided by (trip duration)
Elasticity [-]:
go to slide number 28 ****
what is the trip purpose ?
Classification of trips by trip purpose defined by activity at
destination
(classification depends on purpose of the survey and regional features and may differ from list)
Person trips
Work
Home (trip back home)
Education I (school)
Education II (vocational school, university)
Shopping
Private business
Leisure (trips with up to three days out of home)
Vacation (trips with with more than three days out of home)
Bringing, fetching
Other
Trips for goods (commodities, freight)
Delivery freight
Long distance freight
Transport is performed on means of transport:
Air, rail, road, Water and cable, pipeline and space
what are the Transport Planning Process
- pre-orientation
- problem analysis
- examination of measures
- descision
- implementation
Observation: non-participatory survey
subjects of measurement do not participate in survey
Traffic volumes
Speeds
Travel survey: participatory survey
subjects of measurement participate typically as members of a household
- Questions on items which can not be observed directly
-Items asked on opinions, attidudes and preferences related to specific
issues of a transport systems - revealed preferences (RP); asking what people did and why they did it
-stated preferences (SP); asking how people would decide in a particular
situation (evaluation of one specific alternative on a predetermined scale
from „yes/no“ to „rate between 0 to 100“) - SP offers other techniques, like stated ranking
Types of survey
Observation: non-participatory survey
Travel survey: participatory survey
Single and repeated questionaires
Cross-sectional survey
Longitudinal survey
Panel
Literature on survey techniques
Trip chain
Sequence of trips with starting and ending activity „home“
Trip chains start and end at home
• Daily chain may include several activities „home“
• Or break-up into chains without „home“-activities within chains except at
start and end.
Trip outside home with at least 200 m length is considered
Example
Home – Work – Home
Home – Work – Leisure – Home
Home – Work – Leisure – Work- Home
