part 1 Flashcards
What is Management?
Getting things done in organisations through other people
What is an organisation?
- Formal entities in which complex interactions between people, money and materials are used in the creation and distribution of goods & services
- There is a common set of objectives
- there is a governing body and an organizational structure
What is the main goal of management?
What are some of the other goals?
- Maximizing shareholder value (main goal)
- Profitability
- other goals coming out of objectives
- employee welfare (health, happiness, etc.)
- social responsibility
- personal goals (agent problem)
What are the steps in the management process? briefly define each
POLC:
Planning - goal setting and how to achieve
Organizing - dividing work into tasks and assigning staff
Leading - influencing staff to perform efficiently
Controlling - gathering information and correcting deviations from goals
(DEMING CYCLE)
What are the three key manager skills? How do the importance of these skills differ for top management and supervisors?
Technical Skills (more important for supervisors) Human Skills (important for ALL supervisors) Conceptual Skills (more important for top management)
What are the Characteristics of Managerial Work?
-Decision Making
-People Work
-Carry Responsibility
-Getting around the organisation
-Fragmented and interrupted
Multi-focussed
Define Bureaucracy
How is a Bureaucracy characterized?
the organizational structure in place to control activity Characterized by: -standardized procedures -formal division of responsibility -hierarchy -impersonal relationships
Pros and Cons of Bureaucracy
Pros:
Formal rules ensure honesty
Quick throughput for standard work
No whims
Cons: Requires large amounts of forward planning Unique cases fall outside rules Impersonal / no compassion No control over jobs
Scientific Management - who is its god?
How does it work?
Fredrick Winslow Taylor
Replaces traditional methods with more effective scientific methods to increase efficiency
e.g. iron ingot case
What is HRM
Human Relations Movement, believes work is a social experience and is required to satisfy social needs.
Organisations move towards working in natural groups (social based).
Does HRM believe in having considerate supervision?
Yes, it believes considerate supervision -> job satisfaction -> increased productivity (not a very strong assumption)
Explain what Cultural Approaches are?
e.g. armed forces, sports teams etc.
believe in formal & non formal procedures
acknowledges that results come from teams, leading to a ‘moral’ system & behavioral code of conducte
How many forces are there in Porters Model and what are they?
five forces Potential entrants Buyers Suppliers Substitutes Industry Competitors
What is Strategy?
a plan of action or policy
What is the purpose of strategy?
provide direction and coherence
basis for assessment and risk analysis
basis to make decsions
What are the levels of organizational strategy
Corporate, Business, Funstional
What are the schools of thought in Classical management theory?
Scientific, bureaucracy theory, administrative
What is work specialization and why employ it?
organizing work in to the narrowest possible task, creating efficiency and minimizing training. However, removes social satisfaction of work due to isolation and de-skilling of workers.
What is the main assumption that was made in classical management theory that turns out to not always be true?
What is good for the company is good for the employer
What are the 5 key principles of Bureaucracy Theory
Division of Labor Hierarchy of Authority Formal Rules & Procedures Impersonality Career System
What are Fayols 14 general principles of management? when should they be applied?
Division of work Authority Discipline Unity of Command Subordination of individual to general interests Remuneration Centralisation Scalar chain Order Equity Stability of Tenure Initiative Esprit de corps
What does Administrative Management do?
emphasizes principles that can be applied to the whole structure and functioning of any organisation
Who developed Bureaucracy Theory?
Max Webber
Who developed Administrative Management?
Henri Fayol
What is the name of the most famous Hawthorne Experiment? Who was in charge?
Relay Assembly test room experiment
Elton Mayo
What is the Hawthorne Effect?
the effect of people behaving and performing differently because they know they have been singled out for special attention
What did Abraham Maslow believe people needed to discover through work?
Self-actualisation, the need to develop ourselves to our full potential
What is Theory X
a view that people dislike work and try to avoid it
What is Theory Y and who defined it?
a view that people find work natural and that they will respond to rewards of self esteem and self acutalisation
Douglas McGregor
What is Systems Theory?
The analysis of organizations as total systems
What is Contingency Theory?
the replacement of the ‘universalistic’ ideas with good management ideas for specific situations
