part 1 Flashcards
The sheet of lead in a cassette serves what purpose?
a) to filter the beam
b) to protect the patient
c) to act as a reflective layer
d) to help prevent back scatter
d) to help prevent back scatter
Using an “extremity” cassette will have which effect?
a) it will decrease patient exposure
b) it will increase patient exposure
c) it will decrease exposure time
d) it will increase mottle
b) it will increase patient exposure
If your cassette was incompletely closed what would the film probably look like?
a) it would have branching black lines
b) it would have a white strip at the edge
c) it would have branching white lines
d) it would have a black strip at the edge
d) it would have a black strip at the edge
What exists on a film after you exposed the patient but before processing it?
a) light image
b) latent image
c) dark image
d) a well exposed image
b) latent image
Too high of kV will have which effect on film?
a) quantum mottle
b) high contrast
c) blurry images
d) increased penumbra
a) quantum mottle
What combination of screen light and film color is preferred?
a) blue light and green film
b) green light and blue film
c) purple light and green film
d) green light and purple film
d) green light and purple film
Which of the following is the reason why many recommend that you NOT use an extremity screen system in an office that performs mainly spine films?
a) the extremity film is too expensive
b) the extremity film will demonstrate more unsharpness
c) the extremity film increases the radiation to the patient
d) the extremity film may get mixed with spine cassettes and require retakes
d) the extremity film may get mixed with spine cassettes and require retakes
Which of the following is a problem when storing x-ray film flat instead of upright?
a) fogging
b) light streak
c) static electricity
d) pressure marks
d) pressure marks
About how often should you clean intensifying screens?
a) three months
b) one year
c) ten years
d) whenever they get dirty
a) three months
About how many 14”x17” films should be run through an automatic processor in a week before it is economically feasible?
a) 5-10
b) 15-20
c) 20-25
d) 40-45
c) 20-25
How would your processed film appear if you decreased the recommended developing time and maintained the recommended temperature?
a) it would have a green tint
b) it will be too light
c) it will be too dark
d) it will have brown stains
b) it will be too light
What is the usual recommended optimal developing temperature for manual processing?
a) 98 degrees
b) 90 degrees
c) 68 degrees
d) 60 degrees
c) 68 degrees
Sensitometry is a way to do which of the following?
a) to check collimation accuracy
b) to check consistency of processing
c) to measure the density of a film
d) to measure the radiation dose to sensitive tissue
b) to check consistency of processing
In which phase of processing does the latent image become the manifest image?
a) developing
b) rinsing
c) fixing
d) drying
a) developing
Densitometry and sensitometry are primarily used for which purpose?
a) to monitor film fogging
b) to monitor patient exposure
c) to monitor processor function
d) to monitor consistency of the mAs
c) to monitor processor function
A certain effect from a lack of fluids being removed in automatic processing is caused by a malfunction of which of the following?
a) master rollers
b) guide shoes
c) splash guards
d) transport rollers
e) squeegee rollers
e) squeegee rollers
A high intensity lamp is usually used for which of the following?
a) to allow for greater versatility in the x-ray technique
b) to better see under-exposed areas on a film
c) to better see over-exposed areas on a film
d) to see through a very thin patient
e) to better see the entire film
c) to better see over-exposed areas on a film
Which of the following is the proper arrangement of the five subject densities seen on the radiograph from the most dense to the least dense?
a) water, oil, heavy metal, metal, air
b) air, oil, water, metal, heavy metal
c) heavy metal, metal, water, oil, air
d) metal, oil, air, water, heavy metal
c) heavy metal, metal, water, oil, air
Why are the renal shadows often seen on an A-P lumbar film?
a) due to contrast between water and air densities
b) due to contrast between metal and water densities
c) due to contrast between oil and water densities
d) due to contrast between air and oil densities
e) due to contrast between metal and air densities
c) due to contrast between oil and water densities
The thickness of lead that is needed for primary and secondary protective barriers for an x-ray facility are which of the following?
a) 1/32 and 1/64 inches respectively
b) 1/16 and 1/32 inches respectively
c) 1/8 and 1/16 inches respectively
d) 1/4 and 1/8 inches respectively
b) 1/16 and 1/32 inches respectively
In the event that a patient (let’s say an unruly child) needs to be held during an x-ray procedure, who should be selected for this task?
a) you
b) a passer-by off the street
c) the 17 year old father of the patient
d) your office assistant if not pregnant
e) the 50 year old grandmother if not pregnant
e) the 50 year old grandmother if not pregnant
Where should the exposure switch be located?
a) on a long cord
b) inside the booth
c) on the bucky
d) just outside of the lead window
b) inside the booth
If you wanted to see the sacroiliac joints and the L-5 disc space without distortion on an A-P view, which would be the BEST thing to do?
a) direct the central ray A-P with a cephalic tube tilt
b) direct the central ray P-A with a cephalic tube tilt
c) direct the central ray A-P with no tube tilt
d) direct the central ray P-A with no tube tilt
a) direct the central ray A-P with a cephalic tube tilt
Now picture this! After graduation you open a practice in Monkeys Box, Florida and incomes a 62 year old female named Enid Kelso, the wife of respected MD husband who has retired from Sacred Heart Hospital and retired to your community. You have decided to take thoracic films. The AP measurement is 29 cm, so you are considering how to progress. Which of the following will be essential to use?
a) a grid
b) a high frequency unit
c) a female gonad shield
d) a radiographic table
e) a 400 speed screen cassettes
a) a grid
Picture this! You have opened your own office in Yee Haw Junction, Florida. Your 1st patient is Ignax Katz a retired high school principle who tells you of her health problems and mentions that she was told many years ago that she had scoliosis. You have decided to radiograph her spine and decide to take and process the A-P view before taking the other films. Sure enough, she does have a 22 degree curvature with the convexity toward the right in her lumbar spine. With this information how will you proceed?
a) take a P-A lumbar next
b) take a film with her right side against the grid
c) take a film with her left side against the grid
d) the side you put against the grid doesn’t matter
e) take a lateral lumbosacral film next
b) take a film with her right side against the grid
What is quantum mottle?
a) visible grid lines
b) an extreme amount of gray tones
c) the appearance of roller marks
d) a prominent graininess to the film
d) a prominent graininess to the film
Kink marks (crescent marks) occur from which of the following?
a) static electricity
b) dirty intensifying screen
c) bending or crimping the film
d) warped screens or bent cassettes
c) bending or crimping the film
When is a latent image present?
a) when a new patient walks through your door
b) after exposing the film but before processing it
c) after processing the film but before viewing it
d) when you first see it on the viewbox
b) after exposing the film but before processing it
Generally, which of the following would make the phosphor layer of the screen faster?
a) small crystals
b) gradient crystals
c) thinner composition
d) thicker composition
d) thicker composition
Which of the following types of films will create the radiographic image with greatest detail?
a) rare earth
b) fast screen
c) direct exposure
d) single emulsion
e) calcium tungstate
d) single emulsion
What color is recommended for your darkroom walls (according to Dale Grunwald)?
a) purple
b) black
c) white
d) green
e) red
e) red
A 1200 screen speed system will usually demonstrate which appearance?
a) the film will be grainy
b) the film will be fogged
c) the imaging will be sharper
d) the film will demonstrate image blurring
a) the film will be grainy
What is the name for the usual test for film screen contact?
a) penny test
b) light leak test
c) wire mesh test
d) static electricity test
c) wire mesh test
With gradient screens, which of the following is true?
a) the cervical section has the fastest speed
b) the thoracic section has the fastest speed
c) the lumbar section has the fastest speed
d) the speed is the same throughout
c) the lumbar section has the fastest speed
Silver is usually recovered from which fluid?
a) fixer
b) developer
c) wash water
d) replenisher
a) fixer
Which of the following should be considered if you are manually processing 30 14”x17” films per week?
a) turn up the temperature so you can develop faster
b) increase the mAs so the film will darken faster
c) get an automatic processor
d) cut back on your patient load
c) get an automatic processor
Which fluid requires the most replenishing in manual processing?
a) fixer
b) wash water
c) rinse water
d) developer
d) developer
In which step of manual processing does a “kissing’ artifact occur?
a) fixing
b) drying
c) washing
d) developing
d) developing
Of the following structures, which is the most dense?
a) lung
b) liver
c) perirenal fat
d) fundus of the stomach
b) liver
- **-lung (air-black)
- liver (solid organ-dark gray)
- perirenal fat (light gray-fat)
- fundus of the stomach (air-black)
greater the density–lighter the structure–absorbs more rays
(i had to look this one up so im not sure its 100% correct)
A contrast between the patient densities of air and water explains why we see which of the following?
a) the epiglottis
b) the psoas muscle
c) the urinary bladder
d) the thyroid cartilage
b) the psoas muscle
- **-the epiglottis (air-black)
- the psoas muscle (muscle-light gray)
- the urinary bladder (organ-dark gray)
- the thyroid cartilage (cartilage-white)
greater the density–lighter the structure–absorbs more rays
(I had to look this one up. so im not sure its 100% correct)
What does the formula “5 (N-18) rems” refer to?
a) determining factor between a primary and secondary barrier
b) acceptable radiation going through a primary barrier
c) maximum acceptable dose for a 5 month period
d) occupational exposure M.P.D. for radiation
d) occupational exposure M.P.D. for radiation
Which of the following relates to a dosimeter?
a) measuring the density of a film
b) testing developer strength
c) a gonad shield
d) a film badge
d) a film badge
What should you check when constructing an x-ray facility to make sure you are up to code with lead lining?
a) the machine manufacturer’s manual
b) a nearby doctor’s x-ray facility
c) your local state requirements
d) the N.C.R.P. guidelines
c) your local state requirements
In inches, a secondary barrier needs to have how much lead equivalency?
a) 1/32
b) 1/16
c) 1/8
d) 1/4
a) 1/32
Which statement is true about occupational dose limits?
a) it should not exceed 5 rems per year of the whole body
b) it should not exceed 5 mrems per year for the whole body
c) it should not exceed 15 rems per year for the whole body
d) it should not exceed .5 mrems per year for the whole body
a) it should not exceed 5 rems per year of the whole body
Picture this. You are associating with Dr. Bullwinkle J. Muse in Frostbite Falls, Minnesota and notice that all of his radiographs look fogged. He says that they have all come out that way since he purchased all of his equipment and accessories from a former lifelong friend Dr. R. J. Skwerl and feels he was “hornswaggled.” Then when processing your first set of films (he doesn’t let you use his office assistant for that yet) you observe the following: the dryer temperature in his automatic processor is 102 degrees. the film that he is using is purple (you know because you accidentally left the lid of the box of film). He bought rare earth screens when he bought the clinic from another doctor. His safelight filter is amber. The box of film has initials RP on it. His unexposed film is stored with the boxes standing on end. From all of your observations which is most likely the cause of Doc Muse’s film fog?
a) his film is stored improperly
b) his RP film should not be used in his processor
c) his safelight filter is the wrong color
d) his screens and film are mis-matched
e) his processor dryer temperature is too hot
e) his processor dryer temperature is too hot
In walks your second patient Mr. Peabody a 45 year old who has injured himself when chasing the paper boy for throwing the newspaper into his petunia patch. He is bent over with a great deal of pain in low back. You’ve decided to take the appropriate x-rays for two reasons, one is to see if you solved ol’ Doc Muse’s problem and the other because of Peabody’s history and clinical findings. While looking at the radiographs your mind starts drifting back to the time you passed your Rad 3 class and missed a final question on body tissues and x-ray absorption and wander if you learned which body part of Mr. Peabody’s has absorbed the most x-rays. Which would it be?
a) his full bladder
b) his perirenal fat
c) his lumbar spine
d) his psoas muscle
e) his copious amount of bowel gas
c) his lumbar spine
- **-his full bladder (full organ [fluid]-light gray)
- his perirenal fat (fat-dark gray
- his lumbar spine (bone-white)
- his psoas muscle (muscle-light gray)
- his copious amount of bowel gas (air-black)
greater the density–lighter the structure–absorbs more rays
(I had to look this one up. so im not sure its 100% correct)
In order to justify an automatic processor, 20-25 14”x17” films should be run through in what time period?
a) per day
b) per week
c) per month
d) per year
b) per week
If your temperature is too high in the dryer part of your automatic processor, which of the following would be most likely to happen?
a) the films will probably be too dark
b) the films will probably be discolored
c) the films will probably have a shrunken base
d) the films will probably have water spots
d) the films will probably have water spots
With manual processing after a film is first put into a solution what is the next recommended thing to do?
a) agitate it
b) keep it motionless
c) reload the cassette
d) turn on the light
a) agitate it
