part 1

Question 1

The sheet of lead in a cassette serves what purpose?

a) to filter the beam
b) to protect the patient
c) to act as a reflective layer
d) to help prevent back scatter

Answer 1

d) to help prevent back scatter

Question 2

Using an “extremity” cassette will have which effect?

a) it will decrease patient exposure
b) it will increase patient exposure
c) it will decrease exposure time
d) it will increase mottle

Answer 2

b) it will increase patient exposure

Question 3

If your cassette was incompletely closed what would the film probably look like?

a) it would have branching black lines
b) it would have a white strip at the edge
c) it would have branching white lines
d) it would have a black strip at the edge

Answer 3

d) it would have a black strip at the edge

Question 4

What exists on a film after you exposed the patient but before processing it?

a) light image
b) latent image
c) dark image
d) a well exposed image

Answer 4

b) latent image

Question 5

Too high of kV will have which effect on film?

a) quantum mottle
b) high contrast
c) blurry images
d) increased penumbra

Answer 5

a) quantum mottle

Question 6

What combination of screen light and film color is preferred?

a) blue light and green film
b) green light and blue film
c) purple light and green film
d) green light and purple film

Answer 6

d) green light and purple film

Question 7

Which of the following is the reason why many recommend that you NOT use an extremity screen system in an office that performs mainly spine films?

a) the extremity film is too expensive
b) the extremity film will demonstrate more unsharpness
c) the extremity film increases the radiation to the patient
d) the extremity film may get mixed with spine cassettes and require retakes

Answer 7

d) the extremity film may get mixed with spine cassettes and require retakes

Question 8

Which of the following is a problem when storing x-ray film flat instead of upright?

a) fogging
b) light streak
c) static electricity
d) pressure marks

Answer 8

d) pressure marks

Question 9

About how often should you clean intensifying screens?

a) three months
b) one year
c) ten years
d) whenever they get dirty

Answer 9

a) three months

Question 10

About how many 14”x17” films should be run through an automatic processor in a week before it is economically feasible?

a) 5-10
b) 15-20
c) 20-25
d) 40-45

Answer 10

c) 20-25

Question 11

How would your processed film appear if you decreased the recommended developing time and maintained the recommended temperature?

a) it would have a green tint
b) it will be too light
c) it will be too dark
d) it will have brown stains

Answer 11

b) it will be too light

Question 12

What is the usual recommended optimal developing temperature for manual processing?

a) 98 degrees
b) 90 degrees
c) 68 degrees
d) 60 degrees

Answer 12

c) 68 degrees

Question 13

Sensitometry is a way to do which of the following?

a) to check collimation accuracy
b) to check consistency of processing
c) to measure the density of a film
d) to measure the radiation dose to sensitive tissue

Answer 13

b) to check consistency of processing

Question 14

In which phase of processing does the latent image become the manifest image?

a) developing
b) rinsing
c) fixing
d) drying

Answer 14

a) developing

Question 15

Densitometry and sensitometry are primarily used for which purpose?

a) to monitor film fogging
b) to monitor patient exposure
c) to monitor processor function
d) to monitor consistency of the mAs

Answer 15

c) to monitor processor function

Question 16

A certain effect from a lack of fluids being removed in automatic processing is caused by a malfunction of which of the following?

a) master rollers
b) guide shoes
c) splash guards
d) transport rollers
e) squeegee rollers

Answer 16

e) squeegee rollers

Question 17

A high intensity lamp is usually used for which of the following?

a) to allow for greater versatility in the x-ray technique
b) to better see under-exposed areas on a film
c) to better see over-exposed areas on a film
d) to see through a very thin patient
e) to better see the entire film

Answer 17

c) to better see over-exposed areas on a film

Question 18

Which of the following is the proper arrangement of the five subject densities seen on the radiograph from the most dense to the least dense?

a) water, oil, heavy metal, metal, air
b) air, oil, water, metal, heavy metal
c) heavy metal, metal, water, oil, air
d) metal, oil, air, water, heavy metal

Answer 18

c) heavy metal, metal, water, oil, air

Question 19

Why are the renal shadows often seen on an A-P lumbar film?

a) due to contrast between water and air densities
b) due to contrast between metal and water densities
c) due to contrast between oil and water densities
d) due to contrast between air and oil densities
e) due to contrast between metal and air densities

Answer 19

c) due to contrast between oil and water densities

Question 20

The thickness of lead that is needed for primary and secondary protective barriers for an x-ray facility are which of the following?

a) 1/32 and 1/64 inches respectively
b) 1/16 and 1/32 inches respectively
c) 1/8 and 1/16 inches respectively
d) 1/4 and 1/8 inches respectively

Answer 20

b) 1/16 and 1/32 inches respectively

Question 21

In the event that a patient (let’s say an unruly child) needs to be held during an x-ray procedure, who should be selected for this task?

a) you
b) a passer-by off the street
c) the 17 year old father of the patient
d) your office assistant if not pregnant
e) the 50 year old grandmother if not pregnant

Answer 21

e) the 50 year old grandmother if not pregnant

Question 22

Where should the exposure switch be located?

a) on a long cord
b) inside the booth
c) on the bucky
d) just outside of the lead window

Answer 22

b) inside the booth

Question 23

If you wanted to see the sacroiliac joints and the L-5 disc space without distortion on an A-P view, which would be the BEST thing to do?

a) direct the central ray A-P with a cephalic tube tilt
b) direct the central ray P-A with a cephalic tube tilt
c) direct the central ray A-P with no tube tilt
d) direct the central ray P-A with no tube tilt

Answer 23

a) direct the central ray A-P with a cephalic tube tilt

Question 24

Now picture this! After graduation you open a practice in Monkeys Box, Florida and incomes a 62 year old female named Enid Kelso, the wife of respected MD husband who has retired from Sacred Heart Hospital and retired to your community. You have decided to take thoracic films. The AP measurement is 29 cm, so you are considering how to progress. Which of the following will be essential to use?

a) a grid
b) a high frequency unit
c) a female gonad shield
d) a radiographic table
e) a 400 speed screen cassettes

Answer 24

a) a grid

Question 25

Picture this! You have opened your own office in Yee Haw Junction, Florida. Your 1st patient is Ignax Katz a retired high school principle who tells you of her health problems and mentions that she was told many years ago that she had scoliosis. You have decided to radiograph her spine and decide to take and process the A-P view before taking the other films. Sure enough, she does have a 22 degree curvature with the convexity toward the right in her lumbar spine. With this information how will you proceed?

a) take a P-A lumbar next
b) take a film with her right side against the grid
c) take a film with her left side against the grid
d) the side you put against the grid doesn’t matter
e) take a lateral lumbosacral film next

Answer 25

b) take a film with her right side against the grid

Question 26

What is quantum mottle?

a) visible grid lines
b) an extreme amount of gray tones
c) the appearance of roller marks
d) a prominent graininess to the film

Answer 26

d) a prominent graininess to the film

Question 27

Kink marks (crescent marks) occur from which of the following?

a) static electricity
b) dirty intensifying screen
c) bending or crimping the film
d) warped screens or bent cassettes

Answer 27

c) bending or crimping the film

Question 28

When is a latent image present?

a) when a new patient walks through your door
b) after exposing the film but before processing it
c) after processing the film but before viewing it
d) when you first see it on the viewbox

Answer 28

b) after exposing the film but before processing it

Question 29

Generally, which of the following would make the phosphor layer of the screen faster?

a) small crystals
b) gradient crystals
c) thinner composition
d) thicker composition

Answer 29

d) thicker composition

Question 30

Which of the following types of films will create the radiographic image with greatest detail?

a) rare earth
b) fast screen
c) direct exposure
d) single emulsion
e) calcium tungstate

Answer 30

d) single emulsion

Question 31

What color is recommended for your darkroom walls (according to Dale Grunwald)?

a) purple
b) black
c) white
d) green
e) red

Answer 31

e) red

Question 32

A 1200 screen speed system will usually demonstrate which appearance?

a) the film will be grainy
b) the film will be fogged
c) the imaging will be sharper
d) the film will demonstrate image blurring

Answer 32

a) the film will be grainy

Question 33

What is the name for the usual test for film screen contact?

a) penny test
b) light leak test
c) wire mesh test
d) static electricity test

Answer 33

c) wire mesh test

Question 34

With gradient screens, which of the following is true?

a) the cervical section has the fastest speed
b) the thoracic section has the fastest speed
c) the lumbar section has the fastest speed
d) the speed is the same throughout

Answer 34

c) the lumbar section has the fastest speed

Question 35

Silver is usually recovered from which fluid?

a) fixer
b) developer
c) wash water
d) replenisher

Answer 35

a) fixer

Question 36

Which of the following should be considered if you are manually processing 30 14”x17” films per week?

a) turn up the temperature so you can develop faster
b) increase the mAs so the film will darken faster
c) get an automatic processor
d) cut back on your patient load

Answer 36

c) get an automatic processor

Question 37

Which fluid requires the most replenishing in manual processing?

a) fixer
b) wash water
c) rinse water
d) developer

Answer 37

d) developer

Question 38

In which step of manual processing does a “kissing’ artifact occur?

a) fixing
b) drying
c) washing
d) developing

Answer 38

d) developing

Question 39

Of the following structures, which is the most dense?

a) lung
b) liver
c) perirenal fat
d) fundus of the stomach

Answer 39

b) liver

• **-lung (air-black)
• liver (solid organ-dark gray)
• perirenal fat (light gray-fat)
• fundus of the stomach (air-black)

greater the density–lighter the structure–absorbs more rays

(i had to look this one up so im not sure its 100% correct)

Question 40

A contrast between the patient densities of air and water explains why we see which of the following?

a) the epiglottis
b) the psoas muscle
c) the urinary bladder
d) the thyroid cartilage

Answer 40

b) the psoas muscle

• **-the epiglottis (air-black)
• the psoas muscle (muscle-light gray)
• the urinary bladder (organ-dark gray)
• the thyroid cartilage (cartilage-white)

greater the density–lighter the structure–absorbs more rays

(I had to look this one up. so im not sure its 100% correct)

Question 41

What does the formula “5 (N-18) rems” refer to?

a) determining factor between a primary and secondary barrier
b) acceptable radiation going through a primary barrier
c) maximum acceptable dose for a 5 month period
d) occupational exposure M.P.D. for radiation

Answer 41

d) occupational exposure M.P.D. for radiation

Question 42

Which of the following relates to a dosimeter?

a) measuring the density of a film
b) testing developer strength
c) a gonad shield
d) a film badge

Answer 42

d) a film badge

Question 43

What should you check when constructing an x-ray facility to make sure you are up to code with lead lining?

a) the machine manufacturer’s manual
b) a nearby doctor’s x-ray facility
c) your local state requirements
d) the N.C.R.P. guidelines

Answer 43

c) your local state requirements

Question 44

In inches, a secondary barrier needs to have how much lead equivalency?

a) 1/32
b) 1/16
c) 1/8
d) 1/4

Answer 44

a) 1/32

Question 45

Which statement is true about occupational dose limits?

a) it should not exceed 5 rems per year of the whole body
b) it should not exceed 5 mrems per year for the whole body
c) it should not exceed 15 rems per year for the whole body
d) it should not exceed .5 mrems per year for the whole body

Answer 45

a) it should not exceed 5 rems per year of the whole body

Question 46

Picture this. You are associating with Dr. Bullwinkle J. Muse in Frostbite Falls, Minnesota and notice that all of his radiographs look fogged. He says that they have all come out that way since he purchased all of his equipment and accessories from a former lifelong friend Dr. R. J. Skwerl and feels he was “hornswaggled.” Then when processing your first set of films (he doesn’t let you use his office assistant for that yet) you observe the following: the dryer temperature in his automatic processor is 102 degrees. the film that he is using is purple (you know because you accidentally left the lid of the box of film). He bought rare earth screens when he bought the clinic from another doctor. His safelight filter is amber. The box of film has initials RP on it. His unexposed film is stored with the boxes standing on end. From all of your observations which is most likely the cause of Doc Muse’s film fog?

a) his film is stored improperly
b) his RP film should not be used in his processor
c) his safelight filter is the wrong color
d) his screens and film are mis-matched
e) his processor dryer temperature is too hot

Answer 46

e) his processor dryer temperature is too hot

Question 47

In walks your second patient Mr. Peabody a 45 year old who has injured himself when chasing the paper boy for throwing the newspaper into his petunia patch. He is bent over with a great deal of pain in low back. You’ve decided to take the appropriate x-rays for two reasons, one is to see if you solved ol’ Doc Muse’s problem and the other because of Peabody’s history and clinical findings. While looking at the radiographs your mind starts drifting back to the time you passed your Rad 3 class and missed a final question on body tissues and x-ray absorption and wander if you learned which body part of Mr. Peabody’s has absorbed the most x-rays. Which would it be?

a) his full bladder
b) his perirenal fat
c) his lumbar spine
d) his psoas muscle
e) his copious amount of bowel gas

Answer 47

c) his lumbar spine

• **-his full bladder (full organ [fluid]-light gray)
• his perirenal fat (fat-dark gray
• his lumbar spine (bone-white)
• his psoas muscle (muscle-light gray)
• his copious amount of bowel gas (air-black)

greater the density–lighter the structure–absorbs more rays

(I had to look this one up. so im not sure its 100% correct)

Question 48

In order to justify an automatic processor, 20-25 14”x17” films should be run through in what time period?

a) per day
b) per week
c) per month
d) per year

Answer 48

b) per week

Question 49

If your temperature is too high in the dryer part of your automatic processor, which of the following would be most likely to happen?

a) the films will probably be too dark
b) the films will probably be discolored
c) the films will probably have a shrunken base
d) the films will probably have water spots

Answer 49

d) the films will probably have water spots

Question 50

With manual processing after a film is first put into a solution what is the next recommended thing to do?

a) agitate it
b) keep it motionless
c) reload the cassette
d) turn on the light

Answer 50

a) agitate it