Part 1 Flashcards
% of patients who develop dependence syndrome on benzodiazepines after taking them for a year
40%
How much heroine does a typical user consume a day?
0.25-2g
Drug named ice
Strong and pure form of amphetamine
ACUTE side effect of lsd
Bad trips
Suboxone
Buprenorphine and nalaxone
Flunitrazepam
Date rape, tasteless, short acting potent benzodiazepine
Most commonly used opoid in the country
Heroine
Cold turkey
Opiate withdrawal
Opiate withdrawal
Begins 6-8 hours after last dose
Peaks in 2 days
Dysphoric mood, nausea or vomiting, muscle aches, lacrimation or rhinorrhoea, pupil dilation, goose flesh (piloerection), sweating, diarrhoea, yawning, insomnia
Withdrawal symptoms reach their peak after 32-72 hours
When’s it the best time for a pregnant woman to start opoid detoxification
2nd trimester
Common s/e of clonidine
Sedation
What is the risk of seizures assoc. with bupropion
1 in 1000
What type of hallucinations do you get in benzodiazepine withdrawal
Kinaesthetic
This is partly a hallucinogenic and stimulant. It is a substituted amphetamine
MDMA
Main s/e of varenicline
Nausea
How may caffeine elevate mood?
Increasing noradrenaline
What drug causes the following intoxication:
Marked anxiety and depression
Ideas of reference, fear of losing mind, perceptual changes, depersonalisation, derealisation, synesthesia
Pupil dilation, sweating, palpitations, blurring of vision
Pcp
How many people with alcohol withdrawal develop delirium tremens
5%
What is triad of wernickes encephalopathy and how often is it seem
Ataxia, confusion, opthalmoplegia
10%
% of men and women who drink above weekly limits of alcohol
Men - 27%
Women - 15%
What is lifetime risk of suicide in dependent drinkers
10-15%
Minimum duration required to make diagnosis of alcohol dependence
12 monthes
How often is cerebellar degeneration reported in chronic alcoholics
40%
What is dose of acamprosate in people over 60kg
And for those less than 60kg
666mg tds
666mg morning, 333mg mid-day, 333mg evening
When do symptoms of delirium tremens peak after last drink?
72-96 days
Chlormethiazole - why is this not used in alcohol detox
High risk of respiratory depression
What does acamprosate act on
Synthetic taurine analogue
Acts on glutamate and gaba
Gi disturbance is most common s/e
Common s/e disulfiriam
Halitosis
Patients with wernickes encephalopathy show gliosis and small haemorrhages in:
Mammillary bodies
Drug choice in alcohol detoxification in patients with chronic respiratory disease
Oxazepam
Type 1 alcoholism
Milieu-limited ( caused by environmental factors ie living with alcoholics)
Seen in equally in men and women
No family history of alcoholism
Use generally starts above age of 25
Safe limit of alcohol consumption in men and women
Men: 21 units
Women: 14 units
Opoid detox with buprenorphine inpatient should last
7-14 days
Amphetamine withdrawal
Dysphoric mood, suicide ideas, fatigue, vivid unpleasant dreams, increased appetite, hypersomnia, psychomotor retardation
Current prevalence of heroin use in the uk ?
1%
