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Meiosis And Medelian Genetics > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Variation

A

Difference of appearance that offspring show from parents to siblings

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1
Q

Heredity

A

Transmission of traits from one generation to the next

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2
Q

Genes

A

Units of heredity that are made of segments of DNA, which each contain a specific sequence of nucleotides

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3
Q

Genome

A

Organisms entire complement of DNA

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4
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

One parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis

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5
Q

Clone

A

Group of genetically identical individuals from the same parent

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6
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents

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7
Q

Somatic cell

A

(Body cells)
•diploid
•23 pairs of chromosomes for a total f 45 chromosomes

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8
Q

Gametes

A

(Sex cells)
•haploid
•each have 23 chromosomes, consisting of 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome

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9
Q

Haploid

A

Single set of chromosomes

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10
Q

Diploid

A

Two sets of chromosomes

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11
Q

Germ cells

A

Make up reproductive organs

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12
Q

Autosomes

A

Pairs 1-22

Contains genes for characteristics not related to the sex of the organism

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13
Q

Sex chromosome

A

Pair 23

Contain genes that are directly related to the sex of the organism

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14
Q

Karyotype

A

Organized display of chromosomes in a body cell

Arranged in pairs, staring with the longest pairs

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15
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, staining pattern, and gene possession.

16
Q

Mitosis

A

Form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into a diploid cells

17
Q

Meiosis

A

Form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into a haploid cell

18
Q

Crossing over

A

Exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes curing prophase 1 or meiosis 1

19
Q

Genetic linkage

A

Genes located close together tend to be inherited together

20
Q

Gametogenesis

A

Production of gametes

21
Q

Sperm

A

Male gamete

22
Q

Egg

A

Female gamete

23
Q

Polar body

A

Cell with a little more DNA that are eventually broken down

Meiosis And Medelian Genetics (1 decks)

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