Part 1 & 2 notes Flashcards
What coasts of Ireland are best for Fishing?
The west and south coast
What are the 3 main reasons that Ireland are great for Fishing?
Continental shelf, Mixing of warm water and the Deeply indented coastline
Explain how Ireland joining the EU impacted Fishing
Ireland had to follow the Common Fishers Policy, this means we have to share our waters with other EU countries. The lead to Overfishing especially after Spain joined in 1985.
Name the 4 main technological advancements in the fishing industry with examples where possible
Bigger and better boats//new detection methods such as sonar or radar//huge gill, trawl or drift nets (21km long)//Hydraulic Winches and Cranes
Methods of implementing sustainability into fishing
Quotas (total allowable catches (TAC’s) // increased Mesh size // ban of certain nets such as the monofilament nets // shortened fishing season // bans on certain species during certain areas or times // And the Irish Conservation Box
Talk about the Irish Conservation Box
The Irish conservation Box was made in 2003 as a spawning ground for hake, haddock, herring and mackarel. Fishing is restricted in this area. It’s 100000sq kms to the south-west of Ireland
Pastoral Farming
Dairy Farming
Arable Farming
Mixed Farming
Pastoral is when the main aim is to produce livestock,
Dairy Farming is when you use those life stock 4 things
Arable Farming the main intention of growing crops
Combination of Arable and Pastoral
The main 5 parts of the physical landscape for farming
Height/slope // Soil type // Climate // The shape of the area // Human change
What is Irelands best location for farming and why is the location ideal
It’s called the Golden Vale. It’s located in the middle, southern area which is mainly composed of flat plains.
The have fertile brown soils with boulder clay on limestone bedrock
The landscape of plains and undulating fields which is ideal for mechanical farming.
Farming’s negative effects on the environment
insect sprays/pesticides can contaminate the food and cause soil contamination
Fertilizer and illegal illegal dumping of waste pollutes the oceans
Irelands 3 steps taken to achieve Sustainable Farming
Ireland must follow the Eu’s CAP (common agricultural Policy) Which aims to make farming sustainable by
- providing income to farmers
- guaranteeing a market price for farmers
- supporting rural development/environmental programmes (REPS)
What is a) the main goal
b) the amount of people employed
and c) how much money we made
from the secondary sector in Ireland.
This is the area where raw materials are processed and made into products
There are 4000 manufacturing companies in Ireland
employing 200,000 directly and 400,000 indirectly
Exports were worth £117 billion in 2016
All 9 Factors of location
Raw materials Transport Facilities Labour Supply Services Markets Government Policy EU Policy Capital Personal Reasons
When did Intel make a base In Ireland, where specifically and how large was it?
1989 in Leixlip Co. Kildare on a 360 acre greenfield
Why did Intel Move to Ireland
The 12.5% Corporation Tax // Irelands 75% of workers have 3rd level qualifications // Irelands EU benefits
Intel as a system, what does this mean (the 3 steps to processing)
Inputs: buildings workers, energy, packaging etc
Processes: The manufacturing of microchips by clean-room technology that go through 300 processing steps then double checked and packaged
Outputs: Microprocessors
Reasons for slow population growth until the 1800’s
- Medical knowledge was lacking so people could easily die from common diseases like the flu.
- Frequent wars caused deaths
- Farming wasn’t as efficient so food was harder to come by
Reasons for population growth after the 1800’s
The Agricultural Revolution occurred around the 17th and 18th centuries. It improved farming standards so people had easier access to food
The Industrial Revolution occurred around the 18th when industries moved to factories and there was plenty of employment. The standard of living improved so the death rate went down
Migration Emigration Immigration Asylum Seeker Rural-Urban Migration The 3 Barriers to Migration Pull and Push factors (push)
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. Emigration is external, Immigration is internal.
An immigrant who applies for permission to stay in a country because they left their own country to avoid persecution
People moving from the countryside to a big city for job opportunities amongst other reasons
poverty // personal // visas
unemployment // lack of services/facilities // war // drought/famine // over population
6 main factors that make population change
food supply // technology // health // war // role of women // education
Name the 5 stages of the population cycle
High Fluctuating // early expanding // late expanding // low fluctuating // senile
Description of each stage of the Population Cycle
1: High Fluctuating, high births and deaths cancel each other out.
2: Early Expanding, High births but lower deaths because medicine is starting to be made and food is being made easier to access.
3: Late Expanding, Births aren’t necessary for economic gain anymore so the birth rate decreases while the death rate remains low. Antibiotics and vaccines have now been developed and women are now being educated.
4: Low fluctuating. Total population is high while births and deaths cancel each other out, at this stage a country is wealthy
5: Senile, people are living longer and are having less kids so the death rate is surpassing the birth rate
The 5 Factors that affect population density
climate // resources // terrain // history // economic development
What are the main reasons people are emigrating from Syria?
The civil war and poverty due to the Arab Spring in 2011
How many people are fleeing to safer destinations and how many need humanitarian aid
11 million Syrians have fled (6 million internally) and 13.6 million need humanitarian aid
What are the 3 sectors of the Earths Structure?
The Crust
The Mantle
The Core
Name and describe the 3 plate boundaries. Why do they move?
Destructive: This is when plates collide, pressure builds and the heavier plate sinks and melts. The lighter plate is sent upwards, this creates fold mountains.
Constructive: When Plates pull apart, magma build up, it then cools and solidifies forming crust. It forms Volcanic mountains, islands and Mid-Ocean Ridges.
Conservative: When plates slide past, not much happens unless one gets stuck, this can create earthquakes and therefore tsunamis.
Convection currents are large groups of magma the push the plates around the Earths Mantle.
What are the 3 types of Fold Mountains and how old are they?
Caledonian Fold Mountains are 400 Million years old
Armorican Fold Mountains are 250 Million years old
Alpine Fold Mountains are 30-35 Millions years old.
Name and Explain the 3 types of Volcano
Active: Still erupting
Dormant: Could erupt but it’s been a long time.
Extinct: Won’t erupt
Case Study of Mt. St, Helens.
Where and When
Environmental Impact
Economic Impact
Human Impact
Erupted in the 80’s at the Rockies.
Reduced it's height by 400m. A 3km wide Crater was Created Trees were crushed 25km away. Ice and Snow melted creating Mudflows. 7,000 large animals
12m Dead Farmed Fish
200 Destroyed homes
300km of Highway & 25km Of Railway destroyed
57 were killed, mainly geologists and “disaster tourists”
Case Study of Nepal Earthquake
Where and When
Environmental Impact
Economic Impact
Human Impact
25th of April 2015
120km of the Earths crust was moved 2m
Hundreds of Landslides and Avalanches occurred
Harvests were also affected
£6.4 billion
Cultural sites were affected
3.7 million people needed emergency aid
8000 died
20000 injured
3.5 million homeless
Case Study of a Japanese Tsunami
Where and When and how Strong?
Environmental Impact
Economic Impact
Human Impact
Japan has a Tsunami that was 9 on the Richter Scale during March of 2011. The epicentre was 70km away in the pacific ocean.
Towns were wiped off the map
200000 homes were destroyed
Fukushima’s power plant was destroyed (was built to withstand an earthquake)
Animal Deaths
Nuclear reactors were closed for years
Fishing industry was destroyed
Farming was seriously affected
Many industries were closed for a long time
18000 died
25000 injured
500000 were evacuated
What are the 3 types of rock and how are they formed (2 examples of each)
Igneous Rocks are a result of Volcanic Activity
Basalt and Granite
Sedimentary Rocks are a result of crushed remains
Limestone and Sandstone
Metamorphic rocks are a result of the other 2 types getting moulded by heat and pressure
Marble and Quartzite
The 10 Urban Functions
Residential Transport Retail Commercial Religious Port Educational Tourist Health Recreational
What are the 7 climates
Tundra Boreal Cool Temperate Warm Temperate Savanna Hot Desert Equatorial
What are the 6 elements of Weather? how are they measured? and what with?
Temperature / max-min bulb / degrees Celsius
Pressure / Barometre / milibars
Humidity / Wed-dry bulb / percent
Wind Velocity / anemometre / kilometres per hour
Precipitation / rain gauge / milimetres
Sunshine / stroken recorded / hours
