PART 1 & 2 Flashcards
What is the meaning of the Greek word “graphien”
to write
They were the first to describe the
relationship between pitch and frequency
Greeks
True or False
Curvilinear uses 7.5 mHz while linear probe uses 3.5 mHz
FALSE
Curvilinear 3.5 mHz
Linear 7.5 mHz
What is Sonometer?
Sonometer is an instrument used to study musical sounds
What are the other terms of SONOGRAPHY?
Other terms:
Diagnostic Ultrasound
Diagnostic Medical Sonography
What is the latin word of sound?
Sonus
He forms theory of wave diffraction
Agustin Fresnel (1794)
First material to exhibit piezoelectricity
Potassium Sodium Tartrate Tetrahydrate
It is the deviation of a wave from
its straight ray propagation
Diffraction
Physiologist who researches echolocation in animal bats. According to this theory, bats were listening to something (something a natural human could not hear) Ultrasound physics is founded on this principle.
Lazaro Spallanzani
Discovered that sounds travel in waves and
the angle of reflection = to the angle
of incidence
Leonardo da Vinci
Physicist, studies sound frequency and
intensity and discovers a wav to use
property of echoing to detect underwater
objects
Paul Langevin
They observe phenomenon or piezoelectricity.
Jacques and Pierre Curie
Writes his theory of sound, he examined
questions or vibrations and the resonance of
elastic solids and gases.
Lord Rayleigh
Greek philosopher who invented the
Sonometer
Pythagoras
A name given to high frequency sound
waves.
Ultrasound
What is the meaning of SONAR?
SONAR - Sound Navigation and Ranging
What is the first transducer?
As per World Congress Ultrasound in Medical Education
Hydrophone
Neurologist, who first to use sonography for medical diagnoses.
Dr. Karl Dussik
What is the initial Problem of ultrasound in 1950’s?
Air Interference
Who developed 3D ultrasound technology and captured three-dimensional images of a fetus?
Kazunori Baba
What is the shorthand method of representing very large or very small numbers by alphabetical prefixes?
Metric Notation
What us the shorthand method of representing very large or very small numbers by powers of ten?
Scientific Notation
Medical imaging that uses non ionizing, high frequency sound waves to generate image of a particular structure.
Sonography
Form of energy which causes a mechanical disturbance in the form of mechanical wave that travels in a medium in a LONGITUDINAL WAVE and STRAIGHT LINE FASHION
Sound
A classification of sound waves that can travel through a vacuum such as xray.
Electromagnetic waves
Type of waves that is perpendicular to the direction of wave.
Transverse wave
Refers to the relationship of one wave to another
PHASE
Describes the position within a cycle of oscillation and is measured in degrees.
PHASE
Ultrasound waves whose wavefronts are out of
position
Out of phase
Ultrasound waves whose wavefronts are the same position
In Phase
The combination of two waves which are in
phase at a specific time and location, with the crest of one wave coinciding with the crest of the other wave, resulting in doubling of the net amplitude (antinodes)
CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE
The combination of two waves which are out of
phase at a specific time and location, with the crest of one wave coinciding with the trough of the other wave, resulting in zero net amplitude (node)
DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE
Regions of LOW pressure and density
Rarefractions
Regions of HIGH pressure and density
Compressions
_________ is a traveling variation of pressure and density.
Sound
What are the 2 types of waves?
Transverse and Longitudinal
What is the relationship of Period & Frequency?
Inversely Proportional
Defined by the difference between the peak (maximum) or trough (minimum) of the wave and the average value
Amplitude
What is the unit of Amplitude?
Pascals or MPa
Points of zero amplitude
Nodes
Points of maximum amplitude
Antidnodes
It appears to stand still, vibrating in place and always consist of an alternating pattern of nodes and antinodes.
Wave
The number of cycles that occurs in one second.
Frequency
What is the relationship of Pulse Repetition Period & Pulse Repetition Frequency?
Inversely Proportional
Length of space that a pulse takes up.
Spatial Pulse Length
Time from the beginning of one pulse to the next.
PRP
no. of pulses occurring in 1 second.
PRF
time it takes for one pulse to
occur.
Pulse Duration
What is the relationship of Pulse Duration & Frequency?
Inversely Proportional
PD increases if the frequency is decreased.
What is the formula to get the velocity?
Velocity = Frequency x Wavelength
o C=𝐟𝞴
Speed at which sound moves through a medium
Propagation Speed
Indicates the fractional decreased in volume when pressure is applied to material
Compressibility
Refers to the ability of an object to return to its
original shape and volume after force is no longer acting on it.
Elasticity/Stiffness of obeject
What is Density?
Mass per unit volume
Reciprocal of compressibility
Bulk Modulus / Hardness
resistance of the material to compression or hardness
Stiffness
Is the rate of energy transferred through the sound wave.
Power
What is the unit of Power?
Watts
proportional to the amplitude squared of a sound wave
Power
P=𝐀𝟐
