Part 1 194

Question 1

Benign tumors Definition

Answer 1

unregulated proliferation of cells that does not invade or spread to other sites

Question 2

Suffix “-oma” generally indicates

Answer 2

a benign tumor

Question 3

Suffix “-oma”, Exceptions to the rule

Answer 3

seminomas (testicular cancer)
lymphoma (malignancy of lymph
nodes)
glioma (malignancy of glial cells in the brain)
mesothelioma (malignancy of pleural serosa)
neuroblastoma (malignancy of neuroblasts).

Question 4

Derivation of benign tumors of epithelial origin

Answer 4

Arise from

• ectoderm (e.g., squamous and transitional epithelium)
• endoderm (e.g., glandular epithelium)

Question 5

Derivation of benign tumors of epithelial origin example

Answer 5

tubular adenomas (adenomatous polyps) arise from glands in the colon

Question 6

Benign tumors of connective tissue origin

Answer 6

Arise from mesoderm

Question 7

Benign tumors of connective tissue origin example

Answer 7

lipomas derive from adipose tissue

Question 8

Unusual tumors that are usually benign

Answer 8

Mixed tumors

Teratomas

Question 9

Mixed tumors Definition

Answer 9

neoplastic cells with two different morphologic patterns, but they derive
from the same germ cell layer
Not the same as a teratoma

Question 10

Mixed tumors Example

Answer 10

pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland

Question 11

Teratomas Definition

Answer 11

derive from more than one germ cell layer

• Tissue derived from ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

Question 12

Teratomas Sites

Answer 12

ovaries (most common site), testes, anterior mediastinum, and pineal gland
• Midline location (pineal gland, anterior mediastinum) or close to the midline
(ovaries and testes)

Question 13

Malignant tumors (cancer)
1. Definition

Answer 13

unregulated proliferation of cells that invade and are able to spread to
other sites

Question 14

Carcinomas

a. Derive from

Answer 14

epithelial tissue—squamous, glandular, transitional epithelium

Question 15

Carcinomas

Sites for squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 15

Oropharynx, larynx, upper/middle esophagus, lung, cervix, skin

Question 16

Carcinomas

Sites for adenocarcinoma

Answer 16

(glandular epithelium)
• Lung, distal esophagus to rectum, pancreas, liver, breast, endometrium, ovaries,
kidneys, prostate

Question 17

Carcinomas

Sites for transitional cell carcinoma

Answer 17

Urinary bladder, ureter, renal pelvis

Question 18

Sarcomas

a. Derive from

Answer 18

connective tissue; therefore they are all of mesodermal origin

Question 19

Sarcomas

Location and Example

Answer 19

Approximately 40% of sarcomas are located in lower extremities
Example—osteogenic (bone) sarcoma

Question 20

Tumor-like conditions

Answer 20

1. Hamartoma

2. Choristoma (heterotopic rest)

Question 21

Hamartoma

a. Definition

Answer 21

nonneoplastic overgrowth of disorganized tissue indigenous to a particular
site

Question 22

Hamartoma

Examples

Answer 22

bronchial hamartoma (contains cartilage)
Peutz-Jeghers polyp (contains
glandular tissue)

Question 23

Choristoma (heterotopic rest)

a. Definition

Answer 23

mass of nonneoplastic normal tissue in a foreign location

Question 24

Choristoma (heterotopic rest)

Examples

Answer 24

Examples—pancreatic tissue in stomach wall; brain tissue in nasal cavity