Part 1 194 Flashcards
Benign tumors Definition
unregulated proliferation of cells that does not invade or spread to other sites
Suffix “-oma” generally indicates
a benign tumor
Suffix “-oma”, Exceptions to the rule
seminomas (testicular cancer)
lymphoma (malignancy of lymph
nodes)
glioma (malignancy of glial cells in the brain)
mesothelioma (malignancy of pleural serosa)
neuroblastoma (malignancy of neuroblasts).
Derivation of benign tumors of epithelial origin
Arise from
- ectoderm (e.g., squamous and transitional epithelium)
- endoderm (e.g., glandular epithelium)
Derivation of benign tumors of epithelial origin example
tubular adenomas (adenomatous polyps) arise from glands in the colon
Benign tumors of connective tissue origin
Arise from mesoderm
Benign tumors of connective tissue origin example
lipomas derive from adipose tissue
Unusual tumors that are usually benign
Mixed tumors
Teratomas
Mixed tumors Definition
neoplastic cells with two different morphologic patterns, but they derive
from the same germ cell layer
Not the same as a teratoma
Mixed tumors Example
pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland
Teratomas Definition
derive from more than one germ cell layer
• Tissue derived from ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm
Teratomas Sites
ovaries (most common site), testes, anterior mediastinum, and pineal gland
• Midline location (pineal gland, anterior mediastinum) or close to the midline
(ovaries and testes)
Malignant tumors (cancer) 1. Definition
unregulated proliferation of cells that invade and are able to spread to
other sites
Carcinomas
a. Derive from
epithelial tissue—squamous, glandular, transitional epithelium
Carcinomas
Sites for squamous cell carcinoma
Oropharynx, larynx, upper/middle esophagus, lung, cervix, skin
Carcinomas
Sites for adenocarcinoma
(glandular epithelium)
• Lung, distal esophagus to rectum, pancreas, liver, breast, endometrium, ovaries,
kidneys, prostate
Carcinomas
Sites for transitional cell carcinoma
Urinary bladder, ureter, renal pelvis
Sarcomas
a. Derive from
connective tissue; therefore they are all of mesodermal origin
Sarcomas
Location and Example
Approximately 40% of sarcomas are located in lower extremities
Example—osteogenic (bone) sarcoma
Tumor-like conditions
- Hamartoma
2. Choristoma (heterotopic rest)
Hamartoma
a. Definition
nonneoplastic overgrowth of disorganized tissue indigenous to a particular
site
Hamartoma
Examples
bronchial hamartoma (contains cartilage)
Peutz-Jeghers polyp (contains
glandular tissue)
Choristoma (heterotopic rest)
a. Definition
mass of nonneoplastic normal tissue in a foreign location
Choristoma (heterotopic rest)
Examples
Examples—pancreatic tissue in stomach wall; brain tissue in nasal cavity
