Part 1 Flashcards
What are the two intrinsic functional defense systems of the immune system?
Innate and Adaptive
Define pathogen.
Harmful or disease-causing organism
What are the two main types of innate defenses?
Surface barriers and Internal defenses
List the components of surface barriers in innate defenses.
- Skin
- Mucous membranes
What are the components of internal innate defenses?
-Nonspecific cellular and chemical defenses if microorganisms invade DEEPER tissue
-Identify potentially harmful substances by recognizing molecules with specific shape part of infectious orgs. and not normal human cells
Include:
* Phagocytes
* Natural killer (NK) cells
* Inflammation/Inflammatory Response
* Antimicrobial proteins
* Fever
What is the role of surface barriers in innate defenses? How do they protect against microorganisms?
Act as the first line of defense to keep invaders out of the body. Protective chemicals are secreted by surface barriers that inhibit or destroy microorganisms.
What type of immunity do B cells provide?
Humoral immunity
What type of immunity do T cells provide?
Cellular immunity
What is the primary function of phagocytes?
Engulf and digest pathogens and debris
What are the two main types of phagocytes?
- Neutrophils (most abundant)
- Macrophages (chief phagocytic cells)
How do neutrophils become phagocytic?
On exposure to infectious material
What do macrophages develop from?
Monocytes
Describe the process of phagocytosis.
- Phagocyte adheres to pathogens forms psuedopods that eventually engulfs them
- This forms a phagosome/phagocytic vesicle
- Phagosome fuses with lysosome to digest (phagolysosome)
- Lysosomal enzymes digest the particles leaving residual body
- Exocytosis removes residual material
True or False: Natural killer (NK) cells are phagocytic.
False. They are nonphagocytic large granular lymphocytes.
What triggers the inflammatory response?
Injury or infection of body tissues
What are the functions of inflammation?
- Prevents spread of damaging agents
- Disposes of cell debris and pathogens
- Alerts adaptive immune system
- Sets the stage for repair
What causes redness and heat during inflammation?
Vasodilation of local arterioles
What is exudate?
Fluid containing clotting factors and antibodies that enters tissue space. Caused by increased capillary permeability
What is edema?
Swelling caused by increased capillary permeability
What is the role of chemotactic agents in inflammation?
Attract phagocytes to the site of injury
What is the sequence of phagocyte mobilization?
- Leukocytosis
- Margination
- Diapedesis
- Chemotaxis
What is the function of interferons?
Block viral reproduction and induce synthesis of protective proteins
How are antimicrobial proteins activated?
By three pathways: Classical (antibodies), Lectin (lectin) and Alternative (spontaneously).
What is fever?
Abnormally high body temperature
