Part 1

Question 1

What is the major distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes don’t have membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

What organelles do prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have?

Answer 2

DNA, cellular membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes

Question 3

What about water makes it such an important substance?

Answer 3

It’s intermolecular hydrogen bonds

Question 4

What are the four main groups of macromolecules?

Answer 4

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acid and Lipids

Question 5

What is the polymer made from amino acids?

Answer 5

Protein

Question 6

What is the polymer made from monosaccharides?

Answer 6

Carbohydrates

Question 7

What is the polymer made from nucleotides?

Answer 7

Nucleic Acid

Question 8

What is the macromolecule made of hydrocarbons, fatty acids and glycerol?

Answer 8

Lipids

Question 9

What are the three main types of lipids?

Answer 9

Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Steroids

Question 10

What type of membrane transport is used for small, non polar molecules?

Answer 10

Simple Diffusion

Question 11

What type of membrane transport is used for large, polar molecules?

Answer 11

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 12

What type of membrane transport is used for molecules going across the concentration gradient?

Answer 12

Active Transport

Question 13

What type of transport requires energy?

Answer 13

Active Transport

Question 14

What type of transport doesn’t require energy?

Answer 14

Passive Transport

Question 15

What organelle is a key player in both endocytosis and exocytosis?

Answer 15

Vesicles

Question 16

What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

Answer 16

Endo = brings in
Exo = removes

Question 17

What are the three types of endocytosis?

Answer 17

Phagocytosis (cell eating), Pinocytosis (cell drinking) and Receptor-Mediated (specific, receptors)

Question 18

What is the function of ribosomes in the cell?

Answer 18

Protein synthesis

Question 19

What is the difference between the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 19

sER produces hormones and lipids

rER has attached ribosomes and makes proteins

Question 20

What is the function of the mitochondria in the cell?

Answer 20

Site of cellular respiration, makes ATP, powerhouse of cell

Question 21

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 21

Regulates what enters and exits cell

Question 22

What is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 22

Gives the cell shape and structure

Question 23

What is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 23

stores water and waste

Question 24

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 24

‘garbage disposals’, break down macromolecules to be reused

Question 25

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 25

Site of photosynthesis, produces glucose, gives plants green pigment

Question 26

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 26

Packaging center, helps prepare things to enter, exit and move through cell

Question 27

What is the main goal of cellular respiration?

Answer 27

To produce ATP for the cell

Question 28

Which step in cellular respiration doesn't require oxygen?

Answer 28

glycolysis

Question 29

Where does glycolysis occur, what does it require, and what does it produce?

Answer 29

Cytoplasm, requires glucose, ADP and NAD+. breaks down glucose using energy from forming 2 ATP and 2 NADH to make pyruvate

Question 30

Where does Krebs cycle occur, what does it require, and what does it produce?

Answer 30

Mitochondria, requires pyruvate, FAD, ADP, and NAD+. breaks pyruvate carbons, adding H to make 2 CO2, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP and 3 NADH

Question 31

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur, what does it require, and what does it produce?

Answer 31

Mitochondria, requires NADH, O2, ADP and FADH2. breaks bonds of NADH and FADH2 to get electrons to power protein pumps. H+ concentration builds as more molec are broken, and are pushed thru ATP synthase making ATP and water byrprod.

Question 32

What step in cellular respiration makes the most ATP and how much?

Answer 32

Oxidative Phosphorylation, 34

Question 33

What are the steps of photosynthesis?

Answer 33

Light-dependent reaction and Light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle)

Question 34

Anabolism vs Catabolism

Answer 34

Ana makes, Cata breaks

Question 35

Where does the light-dependent reaction occur, what does it require, do and produce?

Answer 35

thylakoid in chloroplast, requires H20 and sunlight. in PSII, H20 is broken to make H+, e- and O2 byprod. e- powers ETC and H+ proton pump. in PSI, light excites e- and makes NADPH. H+ build up and go thru ATP syn.

Question 36

Where does the light-independent (Calvin Cycle) occur, what does it require, do and produce?

Answer 36

In stroma, requires CO2, NADPH and ATP. all are broke down to make glucose, and energy carriers sent back to light-dependent.

Question 37

What is the main goal of photosynthesis?

Answer 37

To make glucose

Question 38

Asexual vs Sexual reproduction

Answer 38

Asexual = identical daughter cells, only one parents Sexual = two parents, different cells

Question 39

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 39

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 40

Which stage in the cell cycle do spindle fibers grow, and chromosomes condense?

Answer 40

Prophase

Question 41

Which stage in the cell cycle do chromosomes line up in the middle?

Answer 41

Metaphase

Question 42

Which stage in the cell cycle do chromotids get pulled apart to opposite sides?

Answer 42

Anaphase

Question 43

What stage in the cell cycle does the cell reform nuclei, and begin to pinch in the center?

Answer 43

Telophase

Question 44

What stage in the cell cycle is the cell full separated into two daughter cells?

Answer 44

Cytokinesis

Question 45

What are the two sources of genetic diversity in meiosis and when do they happen?

Answer 45

Crossing over in Prophase I and Independent Assortment in Metaphase I

Question 46

What are the major differences between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 46

mitosis produces 2 genetically identical cells in 4 steps, and is asexual. meiosis produces 4 genetically different cells in 8 steps, and is sexual.

Question 47

Haploid vs Diploid

Answer 47

Haploid cells have chromosomes from only one parent, while diploid cells have chromosomes from both