Part 1

Question 1

agreement

Answer 1

Subjects and verbs agree when they are both singular or both plural.

Question 2

14-4

Answer 2

Commas are not breaths. Punctuation marks are road signs to help readers predict what comes next.

Question 3

Underlining and italics

Answer 3

1. Underline or italicize the names of newspapers, magazines, and books
2. Underline or italicize words to emphasize them.

Question 4

Case

Answer 4

Case refers to the grammatical role a noun or pronoun plays in a sentence.

Question 5

Ellipses

Answer 5

Ellipses are spaced dots.

1. Use ellipses to indicate that one or more words have been omitted in the middle of quoted material.
2. In advertising and direct mail, use ellipses to imply the pace of spoken comments.

Question 6

Square Brackets

Answer 6

Use square brackets to add your own additions to or changes in quoted material.

Question 7

Dangling Modifier

Answer 7

A modifier dangles when the word it modifies is not actually in the sentence.

Question 8

Misplaced Modifier

Answer 8

A misplaced modifier appears to modify another element of the sentence than the writer intended.

Question 9

Parallel Structure

Answer 9

Items in a series or list must have the same grammatical structure.

Question 10

Prediction Errors

Answer 10

The predicate of a sentence must fit grammatically and logically with the subject.

Question 11

Quotation Marks

Answer 11

1. Use quotation marks around the names of brochures, pamphlets, and magazine articles.
2. Use quotation marks around words to indicate that you think the term is misleading.
3. Use quotation marks around words that you are discussing as words.
4. Use quotation marks around words or sentences that you quote from someone else.

Question 12

Comma Splices

Answer 12

A comma splice or comma fault occurs when two main clauses are joined only by a comma (instead of by a comma and a coordinating conjunction).

Question 13

Run-On sentences

Answer 13

A run-on sentence strings together several main clauses and, but, or so, and for. Run-On sentences and comma splices are “mirror faults.”

Question 14

Fused Sentences

Answer 14

A fused sentence results when two or more sentences are fused or joined with neither punctuation nor conjunction.
- To fix the error, add either punctuation or a conjunction.

Question 15

Sentence Fragments

Answer 15

In a sentence fragment, a group of words that is not a complete sentence is punctuated as if it were a complete sentence.

Question 16

Apostrophe

Answer 16

1. Use an apostrophe in a contraction to indicate that a letter has been omitted.
2. To indicate possession, add an apostrophe and an s to the word.
3. Use an apostrophe to make plurals that could be confused for other words.

Question 17

14-5

Answer 17

Use punctuation to make your meaning clear to your reader.

Question 18

Colon

Answer 18

1. Use a colon to separate a main clause and a list that explains the last element in the clause.
2. Use a colon to join two independent clauses when the second clause explains or restates the first clause

Question 19

Comma

Answer 19

1. Use commas to separate the main clause from an introductory clause, the reader’s name, or words that interrupt the main clause.
2. Use a comma after the first clause in a compound sentence if the clauses are long or if they have different subjects.
3. Use commas to separate items in a series.

Question 20

Dash

Answer 20

Use dashes to emphasize a break in thought.

Question 21

Hyphen

Answer 21

1. Use a hyphen to indicate that a word has been divided between two lines.
2. Use hyphens to join two or more words used as a single adjective.

Question 22

Parentheses

Answer 22

1. Use parentheses to set off words, phrases, or sentences used to explain or comment on the main idea.
2. Use parentheses for the second of two numbers presented both in words and in figures.

Question 23

Semi-colon

Answer 23

1. Use semicolons to join two independent clauses when they are closely related.
2. Use semicolons to separate items in a series when the items themselves contain commas.

Question 24

Period

Answer 24

1. Use a period at the end of a sentence.
2. Use a period after some abbreviation.