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Physiology of Domestic Animals Exam I > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three cell components we go over?

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasmic organelles, Nucleus

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2
Q

What is inside of cells?

A

Water, nucleus, and organelles.

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3
Q

What is the water inside of cells called?

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

What is outside of cells?

A

Also water!

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5
Q

What inside the cell might change from cell to cell? Why?

A

The size of the cells nucleus and the number of organelles. Differs depending on how active the cell must be. Depends on the job it has to do.

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6
Q

Give an example of what a certain cell might need more or less of.

A

Ex: A muscle cell needs more mitochondria than other kinds of cells due to having to do more work.

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7
Q

What are the four main functions of a cell membrane?

A

Physical Isolation,
Regulation of exchange in cell’s environment,
Communication between cell and its environment,
Structural support

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8
Q

Describe the key cell membrane function of physical isolation.

A

Keeps whats inside inside and selectively allows things in and out.

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9
Q

Describe the key cell membrane function of regulating exchange in the cells environment.

A

Helps keep intracellular environment the way its meant to be. Keeps sugar, ions, and water, ect. at the proper level.

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10
Q

Describe the key cell membrane function of communicating between cell and its environment

A

Sends messages to other cells or outside of the cell to the body. Extracellular communication.

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11
Q

Describe the key cell membrane function of structural support? Examples?

A

Cell membranes can be different shapes and they need to hold them. A cell needs to maintain its correct shape to maintain its structure.

Ex: A skin cell verses the shape of a neuron.

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12
Q

What are proteins made up of? q

A

Polypeptides?

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13
Q

WHat are polypeptides made up of?

A

Peptides

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14
Q

What are peptides made up of?

A

Amino Acids

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15
Q

What is the main component of cell membranes?

A

Phospholipids

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16
Q

What is the cell membrane model called?

A

The fluid mosaic model

17
Q

Describe the fluid mosaic model

A

Phospholipids arranged in a bilayer with the tails facing each other and the heads facing towards the outside of the cell and the inside of the cell.

18
Q

Which part of the phospholidids is polar? What does this mean?

A

The heads are polar. This means that they are hydrophilic

19
Q

What does hydrophilic mean?

A

It likes and can interact with water.

20
Q

Which part of the phospholipids are non-polar? What does this mean?

A

The tails are nonpolar. This means they are hydrophobicW

21
Q

WHat does hydrophobic mean?

A

They do not like or interact well with water.

22
Q

Redescribe the fluid mosaic model with the idea of polarity?

A

Two layers of phospholipids arranged with their polar hydrophilic heads facing out protein layer and the non-polar hydrophobic tails facing each other.

23
Q

What is another name for the layers of phospholipids? Describe

A

Leaflets! There is the inner leaflet (the phospholipid layer on the inside of the cell) and the outer leaflet (The phospholipid layer that touches the outside of the cell)

24
Q

What is the inner leaflet also called?

A

The intracellular membrane

25
Q

What is the outer leaflet called?

A

Extracellular membrane.

26
Q

What do we call the water on the outside of the cell? Whats the abbreviation?

A

Extra Cellular fluid. ECF

27
Q

What do we also call the cytoplasm on the inside of the cell? Abbreviation?

A

Inter cellular fluid. ICF.

28
Q

What is also involved in the cell membrane?

A

Cholesterol!

29
Q

What is cholesterol also called?

A

Lipid rafts

30
Q

What is cholesterol?

A

Building block for all fat.

31
Q

Is cholesterol good or bad??

A

It is good and needed but you don’t want excess.

32
Q

Describe the cholesterol involved in the cell membrane. Where is it? Whats it like?

A

Studded inside the membrane. Different than cholesterol in your blood.

33
Q

What is the point of the cholesterol in the cell membrane?

A

Helps for movement in the cell membrane.

34
Q

What other structures are involved in the cellular membrane?

A

Integral Proteins.

35
Q

What three ways can integral proteins be? Location.

A

Can be embedded in three different ways.
Could be embedded in the extracellular membrane.

Could be embedded in the intracellular membrane

Or could span across the entire cellular membrane.

36
Q

What is the integral protein that spans across the entire membrane called?

A

Transmembrane integral protein.

37
Q
A

Physiology of Domestic Animals Exam I (1 decks)

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